{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:09:04Z","timestamp":1782122944651,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["24-15-00088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-15-00088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The depolarization of the sarcolemma is one of the first effects of unloading on skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that unloading-induced activation of the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), a voltage-sensitive L-type Ca2+ channel, and depolarization of the sarcolemma trigger intracellular Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and activation of Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways, resulting in muscle atrophy. Nifedipine, a DHPR calcium channel blocker, was used to study the role of DHPR in the regulation of signaling pathways during three days of rat soleus muscle unloading\/hindlimb suspension. Inhibition of the DHPR during unloading attenuates the decrease in soleus muscle contractile properties, prevents the accumulation of ATP, ROS, and Ca2+ content in the sarcoplasm and the mitochondria, and blocks the decrease in PGC1alpha mRNA expression and Junctophilin-1 (JP1) proteolysis. In nifedipine-treated rats, the improvement of the unloaded soleus muscle contractile properties could be mediated by blocking the calpain-mediated degradation of the cytoskeletal proteins. DHPR blocking could be one of the future directions for the preservation of contractile properties of inactive\/unloaded muscle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27042043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T08:58:21Z","timestamp":1771837101000},"page":"2043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dihydropyridine Receptor Inhibition Attenuates Force and Fiber Cross-Sectional Area Decrease in the Three-Day Unloaded Rat Soleus Muscle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5413-6312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina A.","family":"Sharlo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBP), RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8334-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey A.","family":"Tyganov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBP), RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8539-6672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria A.","family":"Sidorenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBP), RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4724-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman O.","family":"Bokov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBP), RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6537-3524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksenia A.","family":"Zaripova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBP), RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5863-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Y.","family":"Kostrominova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN 46408, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2888-8502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris S.","family":"Shenkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBP), RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1624-4750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana L.","family":"Nemirovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBP), RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hah, Y.S., Hwang, J., Lee, S.J., and Kwag, S.J. 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