{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T02:27:22Z","timestamp":1792895242939,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00440285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00440285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myocardial ischemia\u2013reperfusion (I\/R) injury remains a major contributor to infarct expansion and adverse cardiac remodeling despite advances in timely reperfusion therapy. Although restoration of blood flow is essential for myocardial salvage, the abrupt transition from ischemia to reperfusion paradoxically exacerbates cardiomyocyte injury through profound metabolic, ionic, and mitochondrial disturbances. Reperfusion should be viewed not simply as restoration of blood flow, but as a critical biological transition that converts ischemic stress into a self-amplifying injury network. Reperfusion induces excessive reactive oxygen species generation, calcium overload, endothelial barrier disruption, and dysregulated innate immune activation, which converge on mitochondrial dysfunction and diverse forms of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Emerging evidence highlights that these pathological processes are tightly interconnected through damage-associated molecular pattern signaling, microvascular leakage, and inflammatory amplification, underscoring the limitations of single-target therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying myocardial I\/R injury with a particular focus on oxidative stress, immune modulation, vascular integrity, and ferroptosis. We further discuss current and emerging cardioprotective strategies, including antioxidant therapies, modulation of neutrophil recruitment, microvascular leakage blockade, and anti-ferroptotic interventions. Finally, we address key translational challenges and future perspectives for developing integrated cardioprotective therapies aimed at improving clinical outcomes in acute myocardial infarction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27052106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T15:05:27Z","timestamp":1771945527000},"page":"2106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Myocardial Ischemia\u2013Reperfusion Injury\u2014Mechanistic Insights and Novel Therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dong-Yeon","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9531-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-Suk","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8009-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hun-Jun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2023 update: A report from the american heart association","volume":"147","author":"Tsao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1216063","article-title":"Mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes and their implications for therapy","volume":"368","author":"Libby","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071667","article-title":"Myocardial reperfusion injury","volume":"357","author":"Yellon","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"774","article-title":"The pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction and strategies of protection beyond reperfusion: A continual challenge","volume":"38","author":"Heusch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0403-y","article-title":"Myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection in perspective","volume":"17","author":"Heusch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI62874","article-title":"Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: A neglected therapeutic target","volume":"123","author":"Hausenloy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"68","article-title":"Myocardial necrosis induced by temporary occlusion of a coronary artery in the dog","volume":"70","author":"Jennings","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00024.2007","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying acute protection from cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"88","author":"Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00033-9","article-title":"A fresh look at reperfusion injury","volume":"38","author":"Piper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-024-01173-y","article-title":"Management of ros and regulatory cell death in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"67","author":"Gong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.569798","article-title":"Postconditioning: A simple, clinically applicable procedure to improve revascularization in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"112","author":"Yellon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.02.019","article-title":"Redox regulation of cardiac calcium channels and transporters","volume":"71","author":"Zima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: An iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-022-01257-1","article-title":"Activation of nrf2\/fpn1 pathway attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by regulating iron homeostasis and ferroptosis","volume":"27","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Stress. Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2298-2","article-title":"Ferroptosis: Past, present and future","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.69.031905.163645","article-title":"Preconditioning: The mitochondrial connection","volume":"69","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00001.2015","article-title":"The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: Channel formation by f-atp synthase, integration in signal transduction, and role in pathophysiology","volume":"95","author":"Bernardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-009-0010-x","article-title":"The mitochondrial permeability transition pore as a target for preconditioning and postconditioning","volume":"104","author":"Hausenloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00455-8","article-title":"Inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening: A new paradigm for myocardial preconditioning?","volume":"55","author":"Hausenloy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.38","article-title":"Innate immune signaling in cardiac ischemia","volume":"8","author":"Arslan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silvis, M.J.M., Dengler, S.E.K.G., Odille, C.A., Mishra, M., van der Kaaij, N.P., Doevendans, P.A., Sluijter, J.P.G., de Kleijn, D.P.V., de Jager, S.C.A., and Bosch, L. (2020). Damage-associated molecular patterns in myocardial infarction and heart transplantation: The road to translational success. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.599511"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shichita, T., Sakaguchi, R., Suzuki, M., and Yoshimura, A. (2012). Post-ischemic inflammation in the brain. Front. Immunol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00132"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cozac, D.A., Halatiu, V.B., and Scridon, A. (2025). The alarmin tandem: Unraveling the complex effect of s100a8\/a9\u2014From atherosclerosis to cardiac arrhythmias. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1630410"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.243162","article-title":"Regulation of the inflammatory response in cardiac repair","volume":"110","author":"Frangogiannis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"187","article-title":"Neutrophils orchestrate post-myocardial infarction healing by polarizing macrophages towards a reparative phenotype","volume":"38","author":"Horckmans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.28","article-title":"The inflammatory response in myocardial injury, repair, and remodelling","volume":"11","author":"Frangogiannis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.007","article-title":"Associations of body weight and weight change with cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"274","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071014","article-title":"Platelet activation and atherothrombosis","volume":"357","author":"Davi","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e123","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000404","article-title":"2016 acc\/aha guideline focused update on duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: A report of the american college of cardiology\/american heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines: An update of the 2011 accf\/aha\/scai guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention, 2011 accf\/aha guideline for coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 2012 acc\/aha\/acp\/aats\/pcna\/scai\/sts guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease, 2013 accf\/aha guideline for the management of st-elevation myocardial infarction, 2014 aha\/acc guideline for the management of patients with non-st-elevation acute coronary syndromes, and 2014 acc\/aha guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery","volume":"134","author":"Levine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1357","article-title":"Endothelial cell-cell junctions: Happy together","volume":"5","author":"Dejana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.158014","article-title":"Ve-cadherin: The major endothelial adhesion molecule controlling cellular junctions and blood vessel formation","volume":"28","author":"Vestweber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.017897","article-title":"The role of adherens junctions and ve-cadherin in the control of vascular permeability","volume":"121","author":"Dejana","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.6.1018","article-title":"Endothelial permeability for macromolecules. Mechanistic aspects of pathophysiological modulation","volume":"17","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2002","article-title":"Cardiac endothelial-myocardial signaling: Its role in cardiac growth, contractile performance, and rhythmicity","volume":"83","author":"Brutsaert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1509718","article-title":"Targeting myocardial reperfusion injury--the search continues","volume":"373","author":"Hausenloy","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310820","article-title":"Critical issues for the translation of cardioprotection","volume":"120","author":"Heusch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kloka, J.A., Friedrichson, B., Wulfroth, P., Henning, R., and Zacharowski, K. (2023). Microvascular leakage as therapeutic target for ischemia and reperfusion injury. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12101345"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.017","article-title":"Effect of intravenous fx06 as an adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute st-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Results of the f.I.R.E. (efficacy of fx06 in the prevention of myocardial reperfusion injury) trial","volume":"53","author":"Atar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011010031","article-title":"Bbeta(15-42) attenuates the effect of ischemia-reperfusion injury in renal transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Sorensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2021","article-title":"Notch3 signaling promotes the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175427","article-title":"Oral administration of cu06-1004 attenuates vascular permeability and stabilizes neovascularization in retinal vascular diseases","volume":"939","author":"Noh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00720-w","article-title":"Cu06-1004 enhances vascular integrity and improves cardiac remodeling by suppressing edema and inflammation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2022.100485","article-title":"Neutrophil crosstalk during cardiac wound healing after myocardial infarction","volume":"24","author":"Chalise","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2779","article-title":"Phagocyte partnership during the onset and resolution of inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Soehnlein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"198","article-title":"Neutrophil-macrophage cross-talk in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"38","author":"Frodermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14780","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14780","article-title":"Neutrophil stunning by metoprolol reduces infarct size","volume":"8","author":"Gomez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107256","article-title":"Novel strategies for targeting neutrophil against myocardial infarction","volume":"205","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7928","article-title":"Neutrophil-mediated cardiac damage after acute myocardial infarction: Significance of defining a new target cell type for developing cardioprotective drugs","volume":"33","author":"Rayner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeBerge, M., Zhang, S., Glinton, K., Grigoryeva, L., Hussein, I., Vorovich, E., Ho, K., Luo, X., and Thorp, E.B. (2017). Efferocytosis and outside-in signaling by cardiac phagocytes. Links to repair, cellular programming, and intercellular crosstalk in heart. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01428"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52812-6","article-title":"Spatiotemporal control of neutrophil fate to tune inflammation and repair for myocardial infarction therapy","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603509","article-title":"A phase i trial of the selective oral cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor seliciclib (cyc202; r-roscovitine), administered twice daily for 7 days every 21 days","volume":"96","author":"Benson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.01.008","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ros) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling","volume":"24","author":"Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.010","article-title":"Oxidative cross-linking of proteins to DNA following ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"120","author":"Groehler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360438","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360438","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation: Production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","volume":"2014","author":"Ayala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3182439613","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense","volume":"5","author":"Birben","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145968","article-title":"Resveratrol protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via attenuating ferroptosis","volume":"808","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.4.363","article-title":"Vitamin C Improves Endothelial Function of Conduit Arteries in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure","volume":"97","author":"Hornig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, J.W., Park, J.H., Park, B.W., Kim, H., Kim, J.J., Sim, W.S., Mishchenko, N.P., Fedoreyev, S.A., Vasileva, E.A., and Ban, K. (2021). Histochrome attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101624"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fedoreyev, S.A., Krylova, N.V., Mishchenko, N.P., Vasileva, E.A., Pislyagin, E.A., Iunikhina, O.V., Lavrov, V.F., Svitich, O.A., Ebralidze, L.K., and Leonova, G.N. (2018). Antiviral and antioxidant properties of echinochrome A. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16120509"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023659331010","article-title":"Histochrome: A new original domestic drug","volume":"37","author":"Mishchenko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharm. Chem. J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03590-w","article-title":"Nanomedicine in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: Targeted nanozyme therapies and their clinical potential and current challenges","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"366","article-title":"Single-atom pt-doped ceria nanozymes mitigate myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via cardiomyocyte-targeted uptake and suppression of reactive oxygen species","volume":"53","author":"Pu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.5","article-title":"Ischaemic conditioning and reperfusion injury","volume":"13","author":"Hausenloy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/5\/2106\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T05:19:56Z","timestamp":1772083196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/5\/2106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27052106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27052106","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]}}}