{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T15:21:15Z","timestamp":1772032875318,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":206,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gingival inflammation represents one of the most prevalent oral inflammatory conditions worldwide and remains a major contributor to oral morbidity. While its classical etiologies are well established, less attention has been paid to inflammatory responses that arise secondary to pulpal injury and tissue damage. Experimental models that allow controlled evaluation of these responses may provide relevant insight into pulp-associated gingival inflammatory processes. Current pharmacological approaches for inflammatory conditions in dentistry, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids, are widely used and generally effective. However, their use may be associated with adverse effects in specific clinical contexts, particularly under prolonged or high-dose regimens, highlighting the importance of continued investigation of additional pharmacological strategies. Within this context, pharmacological modulation of inflammatory pathways represents a relevant strategy for exploring alternative therapeutic approaches in pulp-associated gingival inflammation. Accordingly, there is a need to investigate novel molecules with therapeutic potential, such as resiniferatoxin, which has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of resiniferatoxin during inflammation of gingival tissue after mechanical pulp damage in a murine experimental model. Six groups of six BALB\/c mice were formed as follows: five control groups: a healthy group (HCG), a healthy group treated with resiniferatoxin (RTXHG), a group with pulp damage at 14 h (PGI), two groups with pulp damage treated with ibuprofen (PGIIBU), dexamethasone (PGIDEX) at 14 h, and an experimental group with pulp damage treated with resiniferatoxin (PGIRTX) at 14 h. Gingival inflammation was evaluated after pulp damage was induced through mechanical pulp exposure of the upper first molar. The histopathological parameters of the gingival tissue of all groups were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining, while the plasma levels of PGE2 and TNF-\u03b1 were quantified by ELISA assay. A significant increase in plasma PGE2 and TNF-\u03b1 levels was observed at 14 h after pulp damage. Subsequently, when treatment with resiniferatoxin was administered, it was observed that this significantly decreased (* p &lt; 0.05) the plasmatic levels of PGE2 and TNF-\u03b1, as well as the number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the gingival tissue 14 h after the pulp damage, similar to treatments with ibuprofen and dexamethasone. Resiniferatoxin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect after pulp damage, significantly decreasing plasma levels of PGE2 and TNF-\u03b1, as well as the number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the gingival tissue, which places resiniferatoxin as a potential drug, in this case, for the treatment of gingival inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27052143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:37:37Z","timestamp":1772026657000},"page":"2143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Resiniferatoxin During Gingival Tissue Inflammation After Mechanical Pulp Damage in a Murine Experimental Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-1566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Carrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47463, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1819-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Coronado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47463, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria Stephanie","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9dica Morelos, Aguascalientes 20264, Aguascalientes, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5689-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola Trinidad","family":"Villalobos-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno 47463, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8018-4094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Ruvalcaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Toxicolog\u00eda y Farmacia, \u00c1rea de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Ruvalcaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Toxicolog\u00eda y Farmacia, \u00c1rea de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8477-5169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Argelia","family":"Lopez-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Toxicolog\u00eda y Farmacia, \u00c1rea de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6546-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriana","family":"Rivera-Lozada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14002, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshuan J.","family":"Barboza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14002, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Carrillo, J.L., V\u00e1zquez-Alcaraz, S.J., Vargas-Barbosa, J.M., Ramos-Gracia, L.G., Alvarez-Barreto, I., Medina-Quiroz, A., and D\u00edaz-Huerta, K.K. (2021). The Role of Micrornas in Pulp Inflammation. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082142"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980196","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/980196","article-title":"Inflammation of the Dental Pulp","volume":"2015","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.01.021","article-title":"Inflammation and Regeneration in the Dentin-Pulp Complex: A Double-Edged Sword","volume":"40","author":"Cooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, D., Lynd, T., Ho, D., Chen, J., Vines, J., Jung, H.D., Kim, J.H., Zhang, P., Wu, H., and Jun, H.W. (2020). Pulp\u2013Dentin Tissue Healing Response: A Discussion of Current Biomedical Approaches. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020434"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.02.009","article-title":"Pulp Inflammation Diagnosis from Clinical to Inflammatory Mediators: A Systematic Review","volume":"43","author":"Zanini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(65)90030-0","article-title":"Changes in Periodontal Membrane and Bone Following Experimental Pulpal Injury in Deciduous Molar Teeth in Kittens","volume":"10","author":"Winter","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(72)90476-8","article-title":"The Effect of Periodontal Disease on the Pulp","volume":"33","author":"Bender","year":"1972","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.16-0642","article-title":"Acute Periodontal Lesions (Periodontal Abscesses and Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases) and Endo-Periodontal Lesions","volume":"89","author":"Herrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"542","article-title":"Endo-Periodontal Lesion\u2014Endodontic Approach","volume":"7","author":"Jivoinovici","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12188","article-title":"Interaction between Endodontics and Periodontics","volume":"74","author":"Rotstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12164","article-title":"Salivary IL-1\u03b2 and PGE2 as Biomarkers of Periodontal Status, before and after Periodontal Treatment","volume":"40","author":"Miozza","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201902542","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 Induces Expression of Mineralization Genes by Undifferentiated Dental Pulp Cells","volume":"30","author":"Pereira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sy, K., Chevalier, C., Maton, M., Mokbel, I., Mahieux, S., Houcke, I., Neut, C., Grosgogeat, B., Deveaux, E., and Gritsch, K. (2023). Therapeutic Potential of Chlorhexidine-Loaded Calcium Hydroxide-Based Intracanal Medications in Endo-Periodontal Lesions: An Ex Vivo and In Vitro Study. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091416"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2018.04.002","article-title":"Effect of Immediate Periodontal Surgical Treatment on Periodontal Healing in Combined Endodontic\u2013Periodontal Lesions with Communication\u2014A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"8","author":"Tewari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Biol. Craniofacial Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2298\/SARH0908351N","article-title":"Possibilities of Endodontic Therapy of Endodonic-Periodontal Lesions","volume":"137","year":"2009","journal-title":"Srp. Arh. Celok. Lek."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12265","article-title":"Treatment of Periodontal-Endodontic Lesions\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"41","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"e32","article-title":"Endoperiodontal Lesions: Diagnosis First, Then Treatment and Not Always Tooth Extraction: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Spain and a Proposal of a Clinical Treatment Protocol","volume":"16","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2008.09.009","article-title":"Antimicrobial Action of Intracanal Medicaments on the External Root Surface","volume":"37","author":"Gomes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.130430","article-title":"Evaluation of Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Intracanal Medicament on the Periodontal Healing of Concomitant Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions Without Communication: An Interventional Study","volume":"85","author":"Raheja","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1389","article-title":"Treatment of Severe Periodontic-Endodontic Combined Lesions with Minocycline Hydrochloride Ointment Combined with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate","volume":"16","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.20453\/reh.v21i2.242","article-title":"Manejo Farmacol\u00f3gico Coadyuvante Al Tratamiento Endod\u00f3ntico","volume":"21","author":"Abad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Estomatol\u00f3gica Hered."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1767","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_338_25","article-title":"Clinical Efficacy of Locally Delivered Antibiotics in Treating Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions","volume":"17","author":"Yadav","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060412","article-title":"Effect of Systemically Administered Naproxen Sodium on Clinical Parameters and Myeloperoxidase and Elastase-Like Activity Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid","volume":"78","author":"Aras","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"101","article-title":"AINEs Como Tratamiento Coadyuvante de La Enfermedad Periodontal","volume":"19","author":"Beca","year":"2007","journal-title":"Av. Periodoncia Implant. Oral"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(96)80076-8","article-title":"Steroids Reduce the Periapical Inflammatory and Neural Changes after Pulpectomy","volume":"22","author":"Holland","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-1546.2002.30105.x","article-title":"Consideration of Steroids for Endodontic Pain","volume":"3","author":"Marshall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endod. Top."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2023.105685","article-title":"NSAID: Current Limits to Prescription","volume":"91","author":"Wirth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12392","article-title":"Influence of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on Osseointegration of Dental Implants in Rabbit Calvaria","volume":"26","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.6.587","article-title":"Therapeutic Effects of Resiniferatoxin Related with Immunological Responses for Intestinal Inflammation in Trichinellosis","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.043","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Present and Future","volume":"140","author":"Dinarello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2016.16.4.233","article-title":"Vanilloid Receptor 1 Agonists, Capsaicin and Resiniferatoxin, Enhance MHC Class i-Restricted Viral Antigen Presentation in Virus-Infected Dendritic Cells","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szallasi, A. (2023). Resiniferatoxin: Nature\u2019s Precision Medicine to Silence TRPV1-Positive Afferents. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015042"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"137","article-title":"El Tratamiento Con Resiniferatoxina Exhibe Propiedades Antiinflamatorias En Un Modelo Murino de Inflamaci\u00f3n Inducida Por Lipopolisac\u00e1rido","volume":"32","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13606","article-title":"Effect of Treatment with Resiniferatoxin in an Experimental Model of Pulpal Inflammatory in Mice","volume":"54","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-025-8327-x","article-title":"Management of the Endodontic-Periodontal Lesion","volume":"238","author":"Niazi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1964.35.1.22","article-title":"The Pulpal Pocket Approach: Retrograde Periodontitis","volume":"35","author":"Simring","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(64)90363-9","article-title":"Influence of Periodontal Disease on the Dental Pulp","volume":"17","author":"Mazur","year":"1964","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Lindhe, J., Karring, T., and Lang, N.P. (1997). Endodontics and Periodontics. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Munksgaard. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.84","article-title":"Periodontic-Endodontic Lesions","volume":"4","author":"Meng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2000.016006269.x","article-title":"Comparison of Profiles of Key Periodontal Pathogens in Periodontium and Endodontium","volume":"16","author":"Rupf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.01.002","article-title":"Quantification of Lipoteichoic Acid Contents and Cultivable Bacteria at the Different Phases of the Endodontic Retreatment","volume":"42","author":"Zaia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81794-2","article-title":"Immunoreactivity for Interleukin 1\u03b2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 and Ultrastructural Features of Monocytes\/Macrophages in Periapical Granulomas","volume":"17","author":"Artese","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1991.62.8.504","article-title":"Tissue Levels of Bone Resorptive Cytokines in Periodontal Disease","volume":"62","author":"Stashenko","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.06.012","article-title":"Antigenic Activity of Bacterial Endodontic Contents from Primary Root Canal Infection with Periapical Lesions against Macrophage in the Release of Interleukin-1\u03b2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1","volume":"36","author":"Martinho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5304","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v3i0.5304","article-title":"Review of Osteoimmunology and the Host Response in Endodontic and Periodontal Lesions","volume":"3","author":"Graves","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yui, K., Imataka, G., and Ichihashi, M. (2025). Prostaglandins: Biological Action, Therapeutic Aspects, and Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 47.","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47020071"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00443-w","article-title":"Metabolism Pathways of Arachidonic Acids: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2022.12.001","article-title":"Cyclooxygenases and Platelet Functions","volume":"97","author":"Bruno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, W., and Choe, J. (2020). Prostaglandin E2 Stimulates COX-2 Expression via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase P38 but Not ERK in Human Follicular Dendritic Cell-like Cells. BMC Immunol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-020-00347-y"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207449","article-title":"Prostaglandins and Inflammation","volume":"31","author":"Ricciotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(89)90090-3","article-title":"Involvement of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Increases in Vascular Permeability in Experimental Dental Pulpal Inflammation in the Rat","volume":"34","author":"Okiji","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790081301","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 Enhances Bradykinin-Evoked ICGRP Release in Bovine Dental Pulp","volume":"79","author":"Goodis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.06.005","article-title":"Differentiation of HMSC and HPDLSC Induced by PGE2 or BMP-7 in 3D Models","volume":"122","author":"Ern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.07.002","article-title":"Iloprost Induces Tertiary Dentin Formation","volume":"40","author":"Limjeerajarus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(85)80039-X","article-title":"A Radioimmunoassay Determination of the Concentrations of Prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha in Painful and Asymptomatic Human Dental Pulps","volume":"11","author":"Cohen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)80438-3","article-title":"Quantitative Analysis of Immunoglobulins and Inflammatory Factors in Human Pulpal Blood from Exposed Pulps","volume":"21","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201202500118","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 to Diagnose between Reversible and Irreversible Pulpitis","volume":"25","author":"Petrini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(87)90116-6","article-title":"Arachidonic-Acid Metabolism in Normal and Experimentally-Inflamed Rat Dental Pulp","volume":"32","author":"Okiji","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(96)80029-X","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Prostaglandins E2, F2\u03b1, and 6-Keto-Prostaglandin F1\u03b1 in Rat Dental Pulp with Experimentally Induced Inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Miyauchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01156.x","article-title":"Cytokine-Induced Prostaglandin E2 Production and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Dental Pulp Cells: Downstream Calcium Signalling via Activation of Prostaglandin EP Receptor","volume":"39","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100866","article-title":"Porphyromonas Gingivalis Gingipains Induce Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2 Production via ERK1\/2-Activated AP-1 (c-Jun\/c-Fos) and IKK\/NF-\u039aB P65 Cascades","volume":"208","author":"Nakayama","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00046-25","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00046-25","article-title":"Synergistic Induction of PGE2 by Oral Pathogens and TNF Promotes Gingival Fibroblast-Driven Stromal-Immune Cross-Talk in Periodontitis","volume":"16","author":"Nieboga","year":"2025","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00348.x","article-title":"Levels of Prostaglandin E2, Thromboxane, and Prostacyclin in Periodontal Tissues","volume":"18","author":"Dewhirst","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(96)00084-X","article-title":"Measurement of Prostaglandin E2 and Leukotriene B4 in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid","volume":"26","author":"Tsai","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05721-3","article-title":"The Importance of Mechanosensitive Cell Mediated Prostaglandin and Nitric Oxide Synthesis in the Pathogenesis of Apical Periodontitis: Comparative with Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"28","author":"Ozcelik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00785.x","article-title":"Host Response Modulation in the Management of Periodontal Diseases","volume":"32","author":"Salvi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00721.x","article-title":"Osteocalcin, Prostaglandin E2 and Alkaline Phosphatase in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Their Relations to Periodontal Status","volume":"21","author":"Nakashima","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"11","article-title":"Presencia de Prostaglandina E2 Del Fluido Crevicular En Relaci\u00f3n Con El Estado Cl\u00ednico-Radiogr\u00e1fico Del Periodonto","volume":"6","author":"Caramello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Colomb."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1999.tb00305.x","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 Levels in Blood Plasma and in Crevicular Fluid of Advanced Periodontitis Patients before and after Surgical Therapy","volume":"5","author":"Leibur","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(96)80063-X","article-title":"Relationship between Prostaglandin E2 Concentrations in Periapical Exudates from Root Canals and Clinical Findings of Periapical Periodontitis","volume":"22","author":"Takayama","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, D.I., Lee, A.H., Shin, H.Y., Song, H.R., Park, J.H., Kang, T.B., Lee, S.R., and Yang, S.H. (2021). The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-\u03b1) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-\u03b1 Inhibitors in Therapeutics. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052719"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, A.F., Kheraldine, H., Abujamous, L., Al-Thawadi, H., and Elhissi, A. (2025). Inflammation-Associated Drug Resistance and Tumor Growth in TNBC. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1623137"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbero-Navarro, I., Irigoyen-Camacho, M.E., Zepeda-Zepeda, M.A., Ribas-Perez, D., Casta\u00f1o-Seiquer, A., and Sofian-Pauliuc, I. (2024). Understanding the Dynamics of Inflammatory Cytokines in Endodontic Diagnosis: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14111099"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-024-04251-4","article-title":"Gingival Crevicular Fluid Level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha as a Valuable Biomarker for Estimation of the Efficacy of Adjunctive Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Stage II-IV Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"39","author":"Karrabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25548","article-title":"The Novel NF-\u039aB Inhibitor, MTI-II Peptide Anti-Inflammatory Drug, Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Odontoblast-Like Cells","volume":"117","author":"Nakayama","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26905","article-title":"Senescence and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells","volume":"234","author":"Nozu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509334070","article-title":"TNF-Alpha Promotes an Odontoblastic Phenotype in Dental Pulp Cells","volume":"88","author":"Ghosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425909348527","article-title":"Expression of NOD2 Is Increased in Inflamed Human Dental Pulps and Lipoteichoic Acid-Stimulated Odontoblast-like Cells","volume":"17","author":"Keller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.12.015","article-title":"Gene Expression of Human Beta-Defensins in Healthy and Inflamed Human Dental Pulps","volume":"35","author":"Paris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2007.01215.x","article-title":"Irreversible but Not Reversible Pulpitis Is Associated with Up-Regulation of Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha Gene Expression in Human Pulp","volume":"40","author":"Kokkas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12030","article-title":"Cytokines as Diagnostic Markers of Pulpal Inflammation","volume":"46","author":"Elsalhy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.12.035","article-title":"Osteocalcin Expression in Pulp Inflammation","volume":"39","author":"Abdeldayem","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(02)00396-X","article-title":"Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1 in Normal and Inflamed Human Dental Pulps","volume":"33","author":"Anic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515612086","article-title":"Immune Cells and Molecular Networks in Experimentally Induced Pulpitis","volume":"95","author":"Renard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.09.003","article-title":"Pulpal Tissue Inflammatory Reactions after Experimental Pulpal Exposure in Mice","volume":"43","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03260.x","article-title":"The Dual Role of P55 Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha Receptor in Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans-Induced Experimental Periodontitis: Host Protection and Tissue Destruction","volume":"147","author":"Garlet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.12.1419","article-title":"Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists Inhibit the Progression of Inflammatory Cell Infiltration toward Alveolar Bone in Experimental Periodontitis","volume":"69","author":"Graves","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.1.162","article-title":"Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Inhibitors Pentoxifylline and Thalidomide on Alveolar Bone Loss in Short-Term Experimental Periodontal Disease in Rats","volume":"75","author":"Lima","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_89","unstructured":"Nermin Mohammed, A.Y. (2019). Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease. Periodontal Disease\u2014Diagnostic and Adjunctive Non-Surgical Considerations, IntechOpen."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neurath, N., and Kesting, M. (2024). Cytokines in Gingivitis and Periodontitis: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Targets. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1435054"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0412","article-title":"Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Salivary HIF-1\u03b1, VEGF, and TNF-\u03b1 Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease","volume":"90","author":"Afacan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"e20170455","article-title":"Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Post-Treatment Apical Periodontitis","volume":"26","author":"Neto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.3.391","article-title":"The Contribution of Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor to Periodontal Tissue Destruction","volume":"74","author":"Graves","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11.1849","article-title":"Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Patients with Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis","volume":"76","author":"Serdar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.028003233.x","article-title":"Soluble Antagonists to Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibits Loss of Tissue Attachment in Experimental PeriodontitisL\u00f6sliche Antagonisten von Interleukine-1 (IL-1) Und Tumor-Nekrosefaktor (TNF) Hemmen Bei Einer Experimentellen Parodontitis Den AttachmentverlustLes Antagonistes Solubles \u00e0 l\u2019interleukine-1 et Le Facteur de N\u00e9crose Tumorale Inhibent La Perte d\u2019attache Tissulaire En Pr\u00e9sence de Parodontite Exp\u00e9rimentale","volume":"28","author":"Delima","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda, M., and Hern\u00e1ndez-Lemus, E. (2021). Periodontal Inflammation and Systemic Diseases: An Overview. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.709438"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_97_18","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1 in Health and Chronic Periodontitis: A Case\u2013Control Study","volume":"11","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2013.8","article-title":"Inflammatory Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis","volume":"15","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitaura, H., Marahleh, A., Ohori, F., Noguchi, T., Shen, W.R., Qi, J., Nara, Y., Pramusita, A., Kinjo, R., and Mizoguchi, I. (2020). Osteocyte-Related Cytokines Regulate Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145169"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615486","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/615486","article-title":"Mechanisms of Bone Resorption in Periodontitis","volume":"2015","author":"Hienz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2023.07.013","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1\u2013TNFR1 Signaling Mediates Inflammation and Bone Resorption in Apical Periodontitis","volume":"49","author":"Almeida","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitaura, H., Marahleh, A., Ohori, F., Noguchi, T., Nara, Y., Pramusita, A., Kinjo, R., Ma, J., Kanou, K., and Mizoguchi, I. (2022). Role of the Interaction of Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors 1 and 2 in Bone-Related Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031481"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohori, F., Kitaura, H., Ogawa, S., Shen, W.R., Qi, J., Noguchi, T., Marahleh, A., Nara, Y., Pramusita, A., and Mizoguchi, I. (2020). IL-33 Inhibits TNF-\u03b1-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031130"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4858","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.7.4858","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Induces Differentiation of and Bone Resorption by Osteoclasts","volume":"275","author":"Azuma","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00812.x","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Antagonist Inhibits Inflammatory Bone Resorption Induced by Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection in Mice","volume":"41","author":"Suzuki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"385","article-title":"Serum Levels of Interleukin-21, -33 and Prostaglandin E2 in Patients with Generalised Aggressive or Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"15","author":"Nizam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.150364","article-title":"The Association Between Periodontal Inflammation and Labor Triggers (Elevated Cytokine Levels) in Preterm Birth: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"87","author":"Perunovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02747-4","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 Play an Important Role in Modulating the Risk of Periodontitis and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100425","article-title":"Serum Cytokine Levels in Periodontitis Patients in Relation to the Bacterial Load","volume":"82","author":"Andrukhov","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070599","article-title":"Gingivitis and Periodontitis Are Related to Repeated High Levels of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"79","author":"Nilsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.104711","article-title":"Cytokine Signalling in Rat Pulp Interstitial Fluid and Transcapillary Fluid Exchange during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Inflammation","volume":"573","author":"Bletsa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2024.117899","article-title":"Design, Classification, and Adverse Effects of NSAIDs: A Review on Recent Advancements","volume":"112","author":"Arfeen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114147","article-title":"Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Organ Damage: A Current Perspective","volume":"180","author":"Bindu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ha, M.W., and Paek, S.M. (2021). Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Ibuprofen and Naproxen. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164792"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-009-0016-x","article-title":"Ibuprofen: Pharmacology, Efficacy and Safety","volume":"17","author":"Rainsford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jan-Roblero, J., and Cruz-Maya, J.A. (2023). Ibuprofen: Toxicology and Biodegradation of an Emerging Contaminant. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052097"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000113","article-title":"PharmGKB Summary: Ibuprofen Pathways","volume":"25","author":"Mazaleuskaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.06.009","article-title":"In Vivo Evaluation of Effect of Preoperative Ibuprofen on Proinflammatory Mediators in Irreversible Pulpitis Cases","volume":"46","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18457","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140918457","article-title":"Ibuprofen Rescues Abnormalities in Periodontal Tissues in Conditional Presenilin 1 and Presenilin 2 Double Knockout Mice","volume":"14","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"176","article-title":"Effect of Ibuprofen on IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1 and PGE2 Levels in Periapical Exudates: A Double Blinded Clinical Trial","volume":"8","author":"Shahriari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(86)80052-8","article-title":"Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Canine Tooth Pulps and the Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs","volume":"12","author":"Lessard","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(99)80301-X","article-title":"Comparison of Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and Nabumetone Therapy in Rats with Pulpal Pathosis","volume":"25","author":"Hutchins","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345830620091201","article-title":"The Effect of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Metabolism of 14C-Arachidonic Acid by Human Gingival Tissue in Vitro","volume":"62","author":"Elattar","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01966452","article-title":"Inhibition of Human Periodontal Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis with Selected Agents","volume":"29","author":"Offenbacher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.12.1307","article-title":"Effect of a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug on Tissue Levels of Immunoreactive Prostaglandin E2, Immunoreactive Leukotriene, and Pain after Periodontal Surgery","volume":"67","author":"Roszkowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01670.x","article-title":"Effects of NSAIDs on Beagle Crevicular Cyclooxygenase Metabolites and Periodontal Bone Loss","volume":"27","author":"Offenbacher","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12964","article-title":"Chemomechanical Preparation Influences the Microbial Community and the Levels of LPS, LTA and Cytokines in Combined Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions: A Clinical Study","volume":"57","author":"Gomes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"557","article-title":"Short-Term Effect of Ibuprofen on Clinical Indexes and Cytokines in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Severe Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118564","article-title":"In-Situ Forming Implants Loaded with Chlorhexidine and Ibuprofen for Periodontal Treatment: Proof of Concept Study in Vivo","volume":"569","author":"Batool","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9","article-title":"NF-\u039aB in Biology and Targeted Therapy: New Insights and Translational Implications","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.05.010","article-title":"Ibuprofen Administration Attenuates Serum TNF-\u03b1 Levels, Hepatic Glutathione Depletion, Hepatic Apoptosis and Mouse Mortality after Fas Stimulation","volume":"231","author":"Cazanave","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9247","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208169","article-title":"Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents Differ in Their Ability to Suppress NF-KappaB Activation, Inhibition of Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Cyclin D1, and Abrogation of Tumor Cell Proliferation","volume":"23","author":"Takada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1159\/000255342","article-title":"Ibuprofen Modulates NF-\u0138B Activity but Not IL-8 Production in Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Epithelial Cells","volume":"79","author":"Dauletbaev","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2014.905","article-title":"Drugs, Medications and Periodontal Disease","volume":"217","author":"Heasman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20171505","article-title":"Defining the Role of Glucocorticoids in Inflammation","volume":"132","author":"Ronchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.1","article-title":"Immune Regulation by Glucocorticoids","volume":"17","author":"Cain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00827-8","article-title":"Control of Immunity by Glucocorticoids in Health and Disease","volume":"42","author":"Shimba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2023.109348","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Dexamethasone Actions in COVID-19: Ion Channels and Airway Surface Liquid Dynamics","volume":"202","author":"Harvey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2024.04.390","article-title":"Evaluation of Postoperative Pain after Using Dexamethasone Intracanal Rinse in Irreversible Pulpitis","volume":"34","author":"Dildar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak."},{"key":"ref_140","first-page":"e57086","article-title":"Comparing the Effects of Intramuscular Injections of Dexamethasone and Ketorolac Tromethamine on Post-Treatment Endodontic Pain: An In Vivo Study","volume":"16","author":"Sekhar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franco-de la Torre, L., G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez, E., Seraf\u00edn-Higuera, N.A., Alonso-Castro, \u00c1.J., L\u00f3pez-Verd\u00edn, S., Molina-Frechero, N., Granados-Soto, V., and Isiordia-Espinoza, M.A. (2022). Dexamethasone Increases the Anesthetic Success in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15070878"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14030","article-title":"Effect of Preemptive Use of a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug and a Corticosteroid on the Efficacy of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blockade and Postoperative Pain Control in Endodontic Treatment of Molars with Symptomatic Pulpitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"57","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2023.01.007","article-title":"Effect of Preoperative Oral Steroids in Comparison to Anti-Inflammatory on Anesthetic Success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Mandibular Molars with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis\u2014A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"49","author":"Hegde","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"92","article-title":"Effectiveness of Oral Premedication of Meloxicam, Ketorolac, Dexamethasone, and Ibuprofen on the Success Rate of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"54","author":"Elnaghy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Xie, Y., Gao, W., Zhan, L., Hu, L., Zuo, L., and Li, Y. (2023). Experimental Study of Dexamethasone-Loaded Hollow Hydroxyapatite Microspheres Applied to Direct Pulp Capping of Rat Molars. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1192420"},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"354","article-title":"Postoperative Periodontal Pain Prevention Using Two Dexamethasone Medication Protocols: A Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"24","author":"Steffens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1990.tb00422.x","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans Stimulates Macrophages to Produce Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor MRNA and Protein","volume":"5","author":"Saglie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.00871.x","article-title":"Surface-Associated Material from the Bacterium Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans Contains a Peptide Which, in Contrast to Lipopolysaccharide, Directly Stimulates Fibroblast Interleukin-6 Gene Transcription","volume":"236","author":"Reddi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1997.0255","article-title":"Bradykinin Synergistically Stimulates Interleukin 6 Production in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Challenged with Interleukin 1 or Tumour Necrosis Factor \u03b1","volume":"10","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1354-523X.2003.00982.x","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta Induces Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression in Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts: Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E2","volume":"10","author":"Sakaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_151","first-page":"763","article-title":"Quest for Anti-Inflammatory Substances Using IL-1\u03b2-Stimulated Gingival Fibroblasts","volume":"25","author":"Ono","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100360","article-title":"Dexamethasone-Loaded Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects for Periodontitis Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1023\/B:IFLA.0000033024.13748.c1","article-title":"Induction of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 in Human Gingival Fibroblasts","volume":"28","author":"Kats","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2007.07.008","article-title":"Regulation of Prostaglandin E Synthases: Effects of SiRNA-Mediated Inhibition of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1","volume":"1773","author":"Kawakami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01539135","article-title":"Interleukin-1 Beta Induces Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 MRNA in Human Gingival Fibroblasts","volume":"19","author":"Ahola","year":"1995","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1054\/ceca.2001.0206","article-title":"Bradykinin Induces a Rapid Cyclooxygenase-2 MRNA Expression via Ca2+ Mobilization in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Primed with Interleukin-1 Beta","volume":"29","author":"Nakao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345990780010901","article-title":"Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in the Synergistic Stimulation of Prostaglandin Production by Interleukin-1beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Human Gingival Fibroblasts","volume":"78","author":"Nilsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00262-4","article-title":"Bradykinin Potentiates Prostaglandin E2 Release in the Human Gingival Fibroblasts Pretreated with Interleukin-1\u03b2 via Ca2+ Mobilization","volume":"395","author":"Nakao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01487046","article-title":"Prostaglandin Production via Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Human Gingival Fibroblasts Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharides","volume":"20","author":"Noguchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0722.2002.21247.x","article-title":"Signal Pathways Involved in the Production of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in Human Gingival Fibroblasts","volume":"110","author":"Domeij","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00932.x","article-title":"Interleukin-6 Production in Human Fibroblasts Derived from Periodontal Tissues Is Differentially Regulated by Cytokines and a Glucocorticoid","volume":"32","author":"Okada","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.8.902","article-title":"Involvement of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Interleukin-1alpha-Induced Prostaglandin Production by Human Periodontal Ligament Cells","volume":"70","author":"Noguchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-007-1609-x","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Alpha, Beta-Amyrin, a Pentacyclic Triterpene from Protium Heptaphyllum in Rat Model of Acute Periodontitis","volume":"16","author":"Pinto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242005000400010","article-title":"The Effect of Dexamethasone in the Pathogenesis of Ligature-Induced Periodontal Disease in Wistar Rats","volume":"19","author":"Cavagni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00833.x","article-title":"Neonatal Dexamethasone and Chronic Tianeptine Treatment Inhibit Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Adult Rats","volume":"41","author":"Breivik","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.34172\/joddd.2021.016","article-title":"Influence of Immunosuppression on the Progression of Experimental Periodontitis and on Healthy Periodontal Tissue: A Rat in Vivo Study","volume":"15","author":"Matheus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res. Dent. Clin. Dent. Prospects"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.01.014","article-title":"Effects of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis on Bone Tissue of Rats with Experimental Periodontitis","volume":"77","author":"Sousa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00231-4","article-title":"Chronic Dexamethasone Treatment and Its Effects on Sensory Neuropeptides, Pulpal Injury Reactions and Reparative Dentin","volume":"723","author":"Ferrari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-009-0842-6","article-title":"Dexamethasone Effects on Nav1.6 in Tooth Pulp, Dental Nerves, and Alveolar Osteoclasts of Adult Rats","volume":"338","author":"Byers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.20473\/j.djmkg.v56.i2.p73-79","article-title":"Aesthetic Consideration in Patient Management of Severe Periodontitis Aggravated by Oral Dexamethasone","volume":"56","author":"Savitri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent. J. (Maj. Kedokt. Gigi)"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, Y., Zhang, L., Zhu, Z., Xiao, A., Yu, H., and Gan, X. (2017). Blockade of Cyclophilin D Rescues Dexamethasone-Induced Oxidative Stress in Gingival Tissue. PLoS ONE, 12, Erratum in: PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0175616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0175616. PMID: 28273124; PMCID: PMC5342226.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175616"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-021-00500-z","article-title":"Potential Adverse Effects of Dexamethasone Therapy on COVID-19 Patients: Review and Recommendations","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14610","article-title":"Adverse Side-Effects of Dexamethasone in Surgical Patients\u2014An Abridged Cochrane Systematic Review","volume":"74","author":"Polderman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"CD011940","article-title":"Adverse Side Effects of Dexamethasone in Surgical Patients","volume":"8","author":"Polderman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2015.02.001","article-title":"Pre-Emptive Effect of Dexamethasone Injection and Consumption on Post-Operative Swelling, Pain, and Trismus after Third Molar Surgery. A Prospective, Double Blind and Randomized Study","volume":"5","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Biol. Craniofacial Res."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes431","article-title":"Impact of Perioperative Dexamethasone on Postoperative Analgesia and Side-Effects: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"110","author":"Waldron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.15218\/edj.2024.31","article-title":"Side Effects of Steroidal And Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on The Oral Cavity","volume":"6","author":"Ghazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Erbil Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Z.P., Li, A.G., Luo, W., Luo, X.K., Liang, D.C., Li, J., Tang, K.H., Liu, L., Long, Z.M., and Miao, R. (2025). Targeting TRPV1 Channels in Desensitized Neural Afferent Pathways May Help Mitigate Pain and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Caused by Prostatitis. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1541684"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.10.4412","article-title":"Capsaicin (8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-Nonenamide) Is a Potent Inhibitor of Nuclear Transcription Factor-Kappa B Activation by Diverse Agents","volume":"157","author":"Singh","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705533","article-title":"Signal Transduction for Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction by Capsaicin and Related Analogs in Macrophages","volume":"140","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e31816f6884","article-title":"Preventive Effect of TRPV1 Agonists Capsaicin and Resiniferatoxin on Ischemia\/Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury in Rats","volume":"51","author":"Ueda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12840","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12840","article-title":"Resiniferatoxin Promotes Adult Worm Expulsion in Trichinella Spiralis-Infected Rats by Th2 Immune Response Modulation","volume":"43","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12393","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12393","article-title":"Resiniferatoxin Lowers TNF-\u03b1, NO and PGE2 in the Intestinal Phase and the Parasite Burden in the Muscular Phase of Trichinella Spiralis Infection","volume":"39","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12448","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12448","article-title":"Resiniferatoxin Modulates the Th1 Immune Response and Protects the Host during Intestinal Nematode Infection","volume":"39","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2020.907.343","article-title":"Effect of Resiniferatoxin as an Anti-Inflammatory Drug on Experimental Trichinellosis","volume":"9","author":"Balaha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12181","article-title":"Revisiting the Page & Schroeder Model: The Good, the Bad and the Unknowns in the Periodontal Host Response 40 Years Later","volume":"75","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2006.00173.x","article-title":"The Role of T Cells in Periodontal Disease: Homeostasis and Autoimmunity","volume":"43","author":"Gemmell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230251","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/230251","article-title":"Dental Pulp Defence and Repair Mechanisms in Dental Caries","volume":"2015","author":"Farges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12978","article-title":"Histopathological Evaluation of the Impact of Periodontitis on Dental Pulp Condition: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"51","author":"Kostenkova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aust. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12163","article-title":"Eosinophil Apoptosis as a Therapeutic Target in Allergic Asthma","volume":"114","author":"Ilmarinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.1.254","article-title":"Glucocorticoids Inhibit Eosinophil Responses to Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","volume":"147","author":"Lamas","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_192","first-page":"340","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptotic Pathways in Eosinophils: Comparison with Glucocorticoid-Sensitive Leukemia Cells","volume":"71","author":"Arai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106355","article-title":"The Effect of an NADH Oxidase Inhibitor (Hydrocortisone) on Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Bactericidal Activity","volume":"49","author":"Mandell","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.123.4.1624","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-Induced Inhibition of T Cell Growth Factor Production: I. The Effect on Mitogen-Induced Lymphocyte Proliferation","volume":"123","author":"Gillis","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7961-3-5","article-title":"Effects of Dexamethasone on TNF-Alpha-Induced Release of Cytokines from Purified Human Blood Eosinophils","volume":"3","author":"Uings","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5554","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.11.5554","article-title":"Mast Cells Enhance Eosinophil Survival in Vitro: Role of TNF-Alpha and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","volume":"160","author":"Temkin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1080\/17581869.2025.2535271","article-title":"Intraarticular Resiniferatoxin, a Potent TRPV1 Agonist, for Treatment of Osteoarthritic Pain","volume":"15","author":"Iadarola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain Manag."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.09.016","article-title":"Effects of Small-Fiber Neuropathy Induced by Resiniferatoxin on Skin Healing and Axonal Regrowth after Burn","volume":"43","author":"Laverdet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lepiarczyk, E., Paukszto, \u0141., Wiszpolska, M., \u0141opie\u0144ska-Biernat, E., Bossowska, A., Majewski, M.K., and Majewska, M. (2023). Molecular Influence of Resiniferatoxin on the Urinary Bladder Wall Based on Differential Gene Expression Profiling. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12030462"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000115","article-title":"Intrathecal Resiniferatoxin in a Dog Model: Efficacy in Bone Cancer Pain","volume":"156","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-07-02911.2003","article-title":"Resiniferatoxin Induces Paradoxical Changes in Thermal and Mechanical Sensitivities in Rats: Mechanism of Action","volume":"23","author":"Pan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5963","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0303-21.2021","article-title":"A2\u03b4-1 Upregulation in Primary Sensory Neurons Promotes NMDA Receptor-Mediated Glutamatergic Input in Resiniferatoxin-Induced Neuropathy","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lepiarczyk, E., Ma\u017adziarz, M., Paukszto, \u0141., Bossowska, A., Majewski, M., Kaleczyc, J., \u0141opie\u0144ska-Biernat, E., Ja\u015bkiewicz, \u0141., Skowro\u0144ska, A., and Skowro\u0144ski, M.T. (2025). Transcriptomic Characterization of the Porcine Urinary Bladder Trigone Following Intravesical Administration of Resiniferatoxin: Insights from High-Throughput Sequencing. Toxins, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins17030127"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174185","article-title":"TRP Channels in Cancer Pain","volume":"904","author":"Trevisan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202403067","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202403067","article-title":"Chemical Components of the Dried Latex of Euphorbia Resinifera Berg and Its Medicinal Features","volume":"22","author":"Hammad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001773580","article-title":"Comparison of Analgesic Effects of Khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) Extract, D-Amphetamine and Ibuprofen in Mice","volume":"52","author":"Connor","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/5\/2143\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:39:32Z","timestamp":1772026772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/5\/2143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":206,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27052143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27052143","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]}}}