{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:41:13Z","timestamp":1790037673347,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 HD102623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD102623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Na,K-ATPase (NKA) is expressed as two isoforms in mouse sperm: the testis-specific Na,K-ATPase \u03b14 (NKA\u03b14) and the somatic Na,K-ATPase \u03b11 (NKA\u03b11). Currently, the role that NKA\u03b14 and NKA\u03b11 play in the sperm acrosome reaction (AR) is unknown, and is the subject of our investigation. We studied the following: (1) the differential sensitivity of NKA\u03b14 and NKA\u03b11 to inhibition by ouabain; (2) the effects of deleting NKA\u03b14 in mice (using NKA\u03b14-KO mouse). In sperm from wild type (WT) mice, inhibiting NKA\u03b14 with a low concentration of ouabain reduced AR. Inhibiting NKA\u03b11 with a higher ouabain concentration further reduced AR, indicating that both NKA isoforms are necessary for AR. Surprisingly, sperm from NKA\u03b14-KO mice exhibited an abnormally high AR. This was not due to a lack of acrosome development during sperm differentiation, but rather from premature release of the acrosome after they were isolated from the epididymis. When WT and NKA\u03b14-KO sperm were exposed to media with or without Na+, K+, and Ca2+, or with the ionophores nigericin, valinomycin, and A23187, they displayed abnormal AR, indicating that NKA\u03b14-KO sperm are unable to control intracellular Na+, K+, and Ca2+ levels. NKA\u03b14 directly maintains intracellular Na+ and K+ and indirectly influences Ca2+ levels. This provides the necessary ion environment for full development of sperm AR. Along with NKA\u03b14, NKA\u03b11 also contributes to sperm AR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27052372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T08:51:33Z","timestamp":1772614293000},"page":"2372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Sperm Acrosomal Reaction Depends on the Function of Both Na,K-ATPase \u03b11 and \u03b14 Isoforms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Marques Toledo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del Rei, Divin\u00f3polis 35501-296, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrita","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3566-3483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4631-0130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro Augusto","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del Rei, Divin\u00f3polis 35501-296, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6464-7634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa F.","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del Rei, Divin\u00f3polis 35501-296, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7721-9869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.71.102201.141218","article-title":"Biochemistry of Na,K-ATPase","volume":"71","author":"Kaplan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. 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