{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:20:05Z","timestamp":1791652805942,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/15750-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/15750-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025\/09939-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\/09939-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\/21561-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/21561-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025\/21323-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\/21323-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease initiated by dysbiotic biofilms and sustained by an exaggerated host immune response, for which scaling and root planing (SRP) remains the cornerstone of therapy. However, mechanical debridement alone may be insufficient to fully resolve inflammation in complex cases and in susceptible patients. In this context, natural products and host modulatory strategies have emerged as potential adjunctive therapies owing to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of natural products used as adjuncts to SRP on periodontal clinical outcomes. Comprehensive electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE\/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, SciELO, and Google Scholar through December 2025, and randomized controlled clinical trials were included. Ninety studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis, and thirty-three were incorporated into the meta-analysis. The interventions encompassed a broad spectrum of plant-derived, host-modulatory and nutraceutical compounds, including curcumin, resveratrol, propolis, Aloe vera, green tea catechins, and omega-3 fatty acids, administered via local, systemic, or rinse-based approaches. Meta-analytic findings demonstrated that adjunctive natural products significantly enhanced probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain compared with SRP alone, with additional improvements in gingival inflammation and bleeding outcomes; however, substantial heterogeneity was observed among studies. Overall, natural products provide measurable adjunctive benefits to SRP in the management of periodontitis, although further well-designed, standardized, and long-term randomized trials are necessary to support their routine clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27052394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T16:17:31Z","timestamp":1772641051000},"page":"2394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Do Adjunctive Therapies with Natural Products Improve Periodontal Clinical Parameters After Non-Surgical Treatment? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1110-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Scaf","family":"de Molon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1812-2589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao Victor Soares","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica Dorigatti","family":"de Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0527-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davi","family":"da Silva Barbirato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School, Pernambuco Faculty of Health (FPS\u2014Faculdade Pernambucana de Sa\u00fade), Recife 51180-001, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao Pedro","family":"Franco Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4353-6996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele Vanzela","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5519-5506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Vinicius","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3026-8369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia Helena","family":"Theodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1391-320X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolando","family":"Vernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Teughels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry (Periodontology), University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baima, G., Arce, M., Romandini, M., and Van Dyke, T. 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