{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T02:19:59Z","timestamp":1773195599251,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In vitro fertilisation (IVF) has significant hurdles due to individual differences in ovarian response during controlled ovarian stimulation. The Asn680Ser polymorphism of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is linked to varying ovarian sensitivity to FSH. However, its relationship with intrafollicular redox signalling remains unclear. Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial compound that functions inside follicles and participates in angiogenesis, steroidogenesis, and oocyte competence. This prospective observational research classified women undergoing IVF into Asn allele carriers (Asn\/Asn and Asn\/Ser) and Ser\/Ser homozygotes, according to the FSHR Asn680Ser polymorphism. The groups were assessed according to follicular fluid nitric oxide metabolites (NO2-NO3), fertilisation results, ovarian response indicators, and hormonal profiles. No substantial variation was seen between baseline and trigger-day hormone levels. In contrast, Ser\/Ser individuals had a significantly higher total count of recovered oocytes, an elevated number of metaphase II oocytes, and enhanced fertilisation outcomes relative to carriers. The Ser\/Ser group demonstrated increased intrafollicular NO2-NO3 concentrations. This difference was not statistically significant. These results link FSH receptor genetics to functional follicular competence, indicating that the FSHR Asn680Ser polymorphism is associated with differing ovarian responsiveness during IVF and may affect intrafollicular nitric oxide bioavailability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27052452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:25:59Z","timestamp":1772817959000},"page":"2452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FSH Receptor Asn680Ser Polymorphism Modulates Intrafollicular Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Ovarian Responsiveness During IVF"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9477-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charalampos","family":"Voros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diamantis","family":"Athanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1220-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Despoina","family":"Mavrogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ntilay","family":"Soyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Athens Reproduction Center V.A., 151 23 Maroussi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Panagou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Athens Reproduction Center V.A., 151 23 Maroussi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7538-6751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sakellariou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Athens Reproduction Center V.A., 151 23 Maroussi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Papadimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fotios","family":"Chatzinikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni Sivylla","family":"Bikouvaraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Greece (BRFAA), 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7108-211X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Daskalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1061-7405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Pappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Greece (BRFAA), 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2018.79.4.194","article-title":"Controlled ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization","volume":"79","author":"Howie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogrm.2023.01.006","article-title":"Principles of controlled ovarian stimulation for assisted reproduction","volume":"33","author":"Mathur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynaecol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01331-6","article-title":"The most appropriate indicators of successful ovarian stimulation","volume":"23","author":"Roque","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfre.2023.07.003","article-title":"Conventional follicular-phase ovarian stimulation vs. luteal-phase stimulation in suboptimal responders: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Castillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"F&S Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grynberg, M., and Labrosse, J. (2019). Understanding Follicular Output Rate (FORT) and its Implications for POSEIDON Criteria. Front. Endocrinol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00246"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.01.025","article-title":"Core fucosylation regulates the ovarian response via FSH receptor during follicular development","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15649","article-title":"From cell surface to signalling and back: The life of the mammalian FSH receptor","volume":"288","author":"Banerjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-015-0600-5","article-title":"Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor Asn680Ser polymorphism on the outcomes of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: An updated meta-analysis of 16 cohort studies","volume":"32","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"e62116","article-title":"Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) Ser680Asn Genotype Does Not Affect the Follicular Fluid Hormonal Profile in Stimulated Cycles Using Different Gonadotropin Preparations for Ovulation Induction: A Pilot Study","volume":"16","author":"Papamentzelopoulou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12573","article-title":"The Ser680Asn polymorphism in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene is associated with the ovarian response in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation","volume":"82","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.05.018","article-title":"The relationship between FSH receptor polymorphism status and IVF cycle outcome: A retrospective observational study","volume":"39","author":"Schats","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Yang, J., and Zhang, L. (2023). The Impact of Follicular Fluid Oxidative Stress Levels on the Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Therapy. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12122117"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Athanasiou, D., Voros, C., Soyhan, N., Panagou, G., Sakellariou, M., Mavrogianni, D., Bikouvaraki, E.S., Daskalakis, G., and Pappa, K. (2025). The Molecular Landscape of Nitric Oxide in Ovarian Function and IVF Success: Bridging Redox Biology and Reproductive Outcomes. Biomedicines, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13071748"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voros, C., Mavrogianni, D., Minaoglou, A., Karakasis, A., Papahliou, A.-M., Topalis, V., Varthaliti, A., Mantzioros, R., Kondili, P., and Darlas, M. (2024). Nitrate\u2013Nitrite\u2013Nitric Oxide Pathway, Oxidative Stress, and Fertility Outcomes in Morbidly Obese Women Following Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13010064"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.11.008","article-title":"Effect of nitric oxide on the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway during meiosis resumption in bovine oocytes","volume":"81","author":"Schwarz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voros, C., Chatzinikolaou, F., Papadimas, G., Polykalas, S., Mavrogianni, D., Koulakmanidis, A.-M., Athanasiou, D., Kanaka, V., Kanaka, M., and Bananis, K. (2025). Mapping the Nitric Oxide Axis in IVF: Genotype Associations in Antagonist Cycles. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262211187"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesic, B., Nenadov, D.S., Tomanic, T., Nedeljkovic, S.F., Milatovic, S., Stanic, B., Pogrmic-Majkic, K., and Andric, N. (2023). DEHP Decreases Steroidogenesis through the cAMP and ERK1\/2 Signaling Pathways in FSH-Stimulated Human Granulosa Cells. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12030398"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s43042-025-00765-w","article-title":"Decoding the FSHR gene: A multi-tool computational approach to SNPs with potential application in PCOS","volume":"26","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Med. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-021-02323-w","article-title":"High ovarian response to ovarian stimulation: Effect on morphokinetic milestones and cycle outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Karavani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staicu, F.-D., Canha-Gouveia, A., Soriano-\u00dabeda, C., Mart\u00ednez-Soto, J.C., Adoamnei, E., Chavarro, J.E., and Mat\u00e1s, C. (2021). Nitrite and Nitrate Levels in Follicular Fluid from Human Oocyte Donors Are Related to Ovarian Response and Embryo Quality. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.647002"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2011.04.005","article-title":"Influence of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) Ser680Asn polymorphism on ovarian function and in-vitro fertilization outcome: A meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des349","article-title":"The follicular hormonal profile in low-responder patients undergoing unstimulated cycles: Is it hypoandrogenic?","volume":"28","author":"Beltran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conforti, A., T\u00fcttelmann, F., Alviggi, C., Behre, H.M., Fischer, R., Hu, L., Polyzos, N.P., Chuderland, D., Raju, G.A.R., and D\u2019hOoghe, T. (2022). Effect of Genetic Variants of Gonadotropins and Their Receptors on Ovarian Stimulation Outcomes: A Delphi Consensus. Front. Endocrinol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.797365"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00795-7","article-title":"Role of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor Ser680Asn polymorphism in the efficacy of follicle-stimulating hormone","volume":"80","author":"Ruiz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-006-0005-5","article-title":"Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene polymorphism and ovarian responses to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF-ET","volume":"51","author":"Jun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-014-0122-2","article-title":"Evaluating influence of the genotypes in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) Ser680Asn (rs6166) polymorphism on poor and hyper-responders to ovarian stimulation: A meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Pabalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-00996-x","article-title":"The Effect of the Allelics of Ser680Asn Polymorphisms of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene in IVF\/ICSI Cycles: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Prodromidou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldini, G.M., Catino, A., Palini, S., Sciorio, R., Ferri, D., Vinciguerra, M., and Baldini, D. (2023). The Polymorphism Asn680Ser on the FSH Receptor and Abnormal Ovarian Response in Patients with Normal Values of AMH and AFC. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021080"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alviggi, C., Longobardi, S., Papaleo, E., Santi, D., Alfano, S., Vanni, V.S., Campitiello, M.R., De Rosa, P., Strina, I., and Huhtaniemi, I. (2023). Genetic Variants of Gonadotropins and Their Receptors Could Influence Controlled Ovarian Stimulation: IVF Data from a Prospective Multicenter Study. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14061269"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.03.028","article-title":"Preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: Guidance for the clinician","volume":"94","author":"Humaidan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hjelm\u00e9r, I., Nilsson, M., Henic, E., J\u0119drzejczak, P., Nenonen, H., Ozegowska, K., Giwercman, A., Kitlinski, M.L., and Giwercman, Y.L. (2025). FSH receptor N680S genotype-guided gonadotropin choice increases cumulative pregnancy and live birth rates after in vitro fertilization. Front. Endocrinol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1576090"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmh010","article-title":"The follicular excess in polycystic ovaries, due to intra-ovarian hyperandrogenism, may be the main culprit for the follicular arrest","volume":"10","author":"Jonard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surcel, M., Doroftei, B., Neamtiu, I.A., Muresan, D., Caracostea, G., Goidescu, I., Staicu, A., Nemeti, G., Bloom, M.S., and Zlatescu-Marton, C. (2022). Impact of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) Polymorphism on the Efficiency of Co-Treatment with Growth Hormone in a Group of Infertile Women from Romania. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102371"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Casarini, L., Brigante, G., Simoni, M., and Santi, D. (2016). Clinical Applications of Gonadotropins in the Female: Assisted Reproduction and Beyond. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"E2979","article-title":"PKA and GAB2 play central roles in the FSH signaling pathway to PI3K and AKT in ovarian granulosa cells","volume":"109","author":"Law","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gloaguen, P. (2011). Mapping the follicle-stimulating hormone-induced signaling networks. Front. Endocrinol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2011.00045"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landomiel, F., De Pascali, F., Raynaud, P., Jean-Alphonse, F., Yvinec, R., Pellissier, L.P., Bozon, V., Bruneau, G., Cr\u00e9pieux, P., and Poupon, A. (2019). Biased Signaling and Allosteric Modulation at the FSHR. Front. Endocrinol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00148"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulloa-Aguirre, A., Dias, J.A., Bousfield, G., Huhtaniemi, I., and Reiter, E. (2013). Trafficking of the Follitropin Receptor. Methods in Enzymology, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391862-8.00002-8"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2007.04.006","article-title":"Polymorphism of the FSH receptor and ovarian response to FSH","volume":"68","author":"Wunsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. d\u2019Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev342","article-title":"Combined assessment of polymorphisms in the LHCGR and FSHR genes predict chance of pregnancy after in vitro fertilization","volume":"31","author":"Lindgren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51185-0","article-title":"In-depth analysis of transcriptomes in ovarian cortical follicles from children and adults reveals interfollicular heterogeneity","volume":"15","author":"Rooda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019144","article-title":"Ovary and ovulation: Nitric oxide concentrations in the follicular fluid and apoptosis of granulosa cells in human follicles","volume":"11","author":"Sugino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.6.1295","article-title":"Follicular fluid concentrations of adrenomedullin, vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide in IVF cycles: Relationship to ovarian response","volume":"15","author":"Manau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"132","article-title":"Cytokine and nitric oxide concentrations in follicular fluid and blood serum of patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment: Relationship to outcome","volume":"10","author":"Kumbak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Turk. Ger. Gynecol. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.440607.x","article-title":"Nitric Oxide (NO) and Interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) in Follicular Fluid and Their Correlation with Fertilization and Embryo Cleavage","volume":"44","author":"Barrionuevo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-007-0445-y","article-title":"Follicular fluid nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in stimulated cycles: The relationship to embryo grading","volume":"277","author":"Vignini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Y., Zhu, Y., Basang, W., Wang, X., Li, C., and Zhou, X. (2021). Roles of Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Reproduction: A Review. Front. Endocrinol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.752410"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MBudani, C., and Tiboni, G.M. (2021). Novel Insights on the Role of Nitric Oxide in the Ovary: A Review of the Literature. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18030980"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voros, C., Mavrogianni, D., Stavros, S., Papamentzelopoulou, M., Dimitroulia, E., Doumplis, D., Mathiopoulos, D., and Loutradis, D. (2024). CART (Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript): A New Identified Intrafollicular Mediator in Ovulation Induction Protocols. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202410.2146.v1"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303259","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303259","article-title":"Nitric Oxide: Physiological Functions, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications","volume":"10","author":"Andrabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019189","article-title":"Ovary and ovulation: Cell-specific localization of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in the rat ovary during follicular development, ovulation and luteal formation","volume":"11","author":"Zackris","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac039","article-title":"Evaluation of Female Fertility-AMH and Ovarian Reserve Testing","volume":"107","author":"Cedars","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/5\/2452\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:33:39Z","timestamp":1773120819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/5\/2452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27052452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27052452","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]}}}