{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T15:09:05Z","timestamp":1773068945574,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Opportunity Funds Management Core of the Centers for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI067773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI067773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"NIH\/NHLB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R15HL129209-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R15HL129209-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"NIH\/NHLB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL152712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL152712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"NIH\/NHLB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL173549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL173549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"VA Merit Review Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX001681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX001681"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIH\/NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI186939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI186939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE), including radiation pneumonitis (lung-DEARE), develop weeks to months after radiation exposure. Pathway-targeted biomarkers that capture early oxidative stress and cell death could improve risk stratification and provide objective measures of mitigator efficacy. The objective was to test whether molecular lung imaging predicts long-term survival and mitigator response after irradiation. Rats received 13.5 Gy leg-out partial-body irradiation with a subset treated with the radiation-injury mitigator lisinopril. Rats underwent lung imaging at weeks 2 and 4 post-irradiation with 99mTc-duramycin (cell death) and 99mTc-HMPAO (oxidative stress). Plasma mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) were also measured. Irradiation reduced survival with animals evidencing significant pleural effusion as an indication of radiation pneumonitis, which was mitigated with lisinopril as previously shown. Lung uptake of both imaging biomarkers increased in irradiated rats between weeks 2 and 4, consistent with worsening cell death and oxidative stress. Rats that succumbed by day 120 exhibited significantly larger increases in both biomarkers than the survivors. A predictive test was developed that predicted death by day 120 with ~70% sensitivity and specificity. Plasma mtDAMPs (ND1\/2 and ATPase 6\/8) increased following irradiation, and the D-loop increase from week 2 to 3 separated outcomes (increase in nonsurvivors versus decrease in survivors). Both imaging and mtDAMPs data from lisinopril-treated animals showed blunted responses. Early dual-tracer molecular lung imaging predicted long-term survival after radiation exposure and tracked mitigation with lisinopril. Circulating mtDAMPs may provide complementary systemic information to further strengthen early risk stratification after radiation exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27052485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:16:12Z","timestamp":1773051372000},"page":"2485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Lung Imaging Following Exposure to Radiation Predicts Long-Term Survival in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anne V.","family":"Clough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA"},{"name":"Clement J. Zablocki V.A. 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Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Gasperetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6503-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Kerns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9676-6371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather A.","family":"Himburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4887-604X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said H.","family":"Audi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clement J. Zablocki V.A. Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02092.x","article-title":"Radiation damage to the lung: Mitigation by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors","volume":"17","author":"Medhora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.03.033","article-title":"Radiation-Induced Lung Injury: Assessment and Management","volume":"156","author":"Hanania","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2025.2531903","article-title":"Advances in noninvasive imaging for detecting radiation-induced lung injury (RILI)","volume":"15","author":"Nissen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. 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