{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:59:30Z","timestamp":1787626770199,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research and Development Office"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004508","name":"Prince of Songkla University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010804","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health threat, creating an urgent need for effective non-antibiotic antimicrobial strategies. In this study, CS\u2013AgNPs were synthesized by electron-beam radiolysis, providing a clean, dose-controllable route that avoids additional chemical reducing agents. The effects of irradiation dose and chitosan concentration on nanoparticle formation, physicochemical properties, and antibacterial activity were systematically evaluated. Spectroscopic and structural analyses confirmed the formation of highly crystalline, face-centered cubic silver nanoparticles uniformly dispersed within the chitosan matrix, with Ag\u2013polymer coordination involving \u2013NH2 and \u2013OH functional groups. Under the optimal conditions (8 kGy, 0.06 mmol AgNO3, and 0.05% w\/v chitosan), ultrasmall, well-dispersed CS\u2013AgNPs were obtained, with an average size of 5.30 \u00b1 2.01 nm and high phase purity. Antibacterial evaluation demonstrated potent, concentration-dependent activity against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, with low minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC\/MBC = 1.96 \u00b5g\/mL). These findings define a clear structure\u2013property\u2013activity relationship and support a synergistic antibacterial effect between nanosilver and chitosan, while maintaining favorable in vitro cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility within the effective concentration range. Overall, electron-beam radiolysis represents a promising scalable platform for producing broad-spectrum antimicrobial nanomaterials with potential utility in addressing antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27062569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:43:27Z","timestamp":1773225807000},"page":"2569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Radiolytic Synthesis of Chitosan-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles via Electron Beam Irradiation for Enhanced Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0481-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suphalak Khamruang","family":"Marshall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuttipat","family":"Wattanaphonpinich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2013","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(25)00356-0","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Sepsis Incidence and Mortality, 1990\u20132021: A Systematic Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Gray","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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