{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T06:13:42Z","timestamp":1773468822049,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia","award":["PCN-1-080\/N\/2\/K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCN-1-080\/N\/2\/K"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pituitary macroadenomas often cause visual pathway impairment due to optic chiasm compression. The association between systemic neurotrophic factors and visual recovery remains insufficiently explored. This prospective observational cohort study included 53 patients (106 eyes); 36 patients (72 eyes) completed a 12-month follow-up. Patients were assigned to a treatment group (surgical and\/or pharmacological; n = 23) or an observation group (n = 13). Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) were measured at baseline and 12 months. Structural parameters (retinal nerve fiber layer [RNFL], ganglion cell\u2013inner plexiform layer [GCIPL]) and visual field indices (mean sensitivity [MS], mean deviation [MD], square root of loss variance [sLV]) were assessed using optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry. Serum BDNF levels differed significantly between groups at baseline (p = 0.0022) and at 12 months (p &lt; 0.0001), while TNF-\u03b1 levels showed no significant changes. The treatment group demonstrated significant improvement in visual field parameters and modest RNFL thickening in the right eye (p = 0.0087). Baseline BDNF levels correlated inversely with OCT and visual field measures, particularly in non-functioning adenomas (R = \u22120.70 to \u22120.80, p &lt; 0.01). Baseline BDNF predicted treatment qualification (AUC = 0.815). Pituitary macroadenomas are associated with visual dysfunction and systemic neurotrophic alterations. Elevated BDNF may reflect a compensatory neuroprotective response, supporting combined molecular and ophthalmic monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27062609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:46:31Z","timestamp":1773326791000},"page":"2609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BDNF and TNF-\u03b1, OCT and VF Parameters in Pituitary Macroadenoma Patients: A 12-Month Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7826-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Sarnat-Kucharczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Kornel Gibinski University Clinical Centre, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Kos-Kud\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kornel Gibinski University Clinical Centre, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5489-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata A.","family":"Janik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0910-3578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Janik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2307-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Komosi\u0144ska-Vassev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9818-9221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"G\u00f3recka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Mrukwa-Kominek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Kornel Gibinski University Clinical Centre, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, P., Sagarribay, A., Tortosa, F., Neto, L., Tavares Ferreira, J., Subtil, J., Palha, A., Dias, D., and Sapinho, I. 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