{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:41:53Z","timestamp":1774593713470,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an acute ophthalmic emergency causing irreversible vision loss due to retinal ischemia. Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a contributor to vascular occlusions, but the relationship between systemic inflammatory biomarkers and structural retinal damage in CRAO remains unclear. This retrospective study included 37 patients with non-arteritic CRAO presenting within 168 h of symptom onset. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) classified ischemic severity as mild, moderate, or severe based on inner retinal morphology. Systemic inflammatory indices, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), were calculated from admission blood tests, and associations were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. Increasing severity correlated with higher NLR and SII values (p &lt; 0.05). Univariable analysis showed significant associations for NLR, SII, neutrophil count, white blood cell count, and central macular thickness (CMT). Multivariable regression identified NLR (OR = 8.398, p = 0.007) and CMT (OR = 1.052, p = 0.001) as independent predictors of greater ischemic damage. Other indices were not significant. These findings indicate that NLR is the primary systemic inflammatory predictor of OCT-defined severity in acute CRAO, with CMT providing complementary structural information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27072961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T09:11:14Z","timestamp":1774429874000},"page":"2961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systemic Inflammation and Structural Retinal Damage on OCT in Acute Non-Arteritic Central Retinal Artery Occlusion\u2014A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0679-1170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurelia Mihaela","family":"Nica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, 2nd Surgery Department, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxana Elena","family":"Ciuntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, 2nd Surgery Department, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samer Andrei","family":"Nica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology, 2nd Surgery Department, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0402-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Gena","family":"Dascalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5275-1795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmin Victor","family":"Ganea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, 2nd Surgery Department, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6083-7822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Corlade-Andrei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine, 2nd Surgery Department, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5066-0690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Cristina","family":"Morariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Mihaela","family":"Godun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5249-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru-Florinel","family":"Oancea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2334-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragos Traian","family":"Marcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9542-7714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camelia Margareta","family":"Bogd\u0103nici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, 2nd Surgery Department, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9465-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Floria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.12.024","article-title":"Retinal and Ophthalmic Artery Occlusions Preferred Practice Pattern\u00ae","volume":"132","author":"Kovach","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31559-2","article-title":"Retinal Vascular Occlusions","volume":"396","author":"Scott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"E234","article-title":"Management of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"52","author":"MacGrory","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03029-w","article-title":"Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Stroke of the Eye","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-024-00326-3","article-title":"Comparison of Vascular Risk Profile and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Central (Branch) Retinal Artery Occlusion versus Amaurosis Fugax","volume":"6","author":"Diel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol. 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