{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:08:59Z","timestamp":1791436139302,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007059","name":"Palack\u00fd University Olomouc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IGA_PrF_2025_024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IGA_PrF_2025_024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007059","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministry of Education Youth and Sports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LM2023066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2023066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Environmental Fund of the Czech Republic","award":["CZ.10.03.01\/00\/22_003\/0000048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.10.03.01\/00\/22_003\/0000048"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The hematite phase decorated with iron-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (F@FC) was precipitated from cerium and iron oxalate intermediate products. The photocatalytic composite of graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) and F@FC was prepared by a simple method involving mixing the two components, followed by thermal treatment at 400 \u00b0C. According to electron microscopy, F@FC is composed of a submicron iron oxide (hematite) phase decorated with iron-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles deposited on gCN substrate. A hierarchically structured composite was observed instead of a simple mechanical mixture of \u03b1-Fe2O3, Fe-CeO2, and gCN. To observe two types of degradation activity, photocatalytic and Photo-Fenton degradation activity, Rhodamine B (RhB) was applied as the model water pollutant. The influence of the amount of photocatalyst, the RhB concentration, the presence of cations and anions, the pH, and the effect of e\u2212, h+, \u2022OH, and \u2022O2\u2212 scavenging reactants were studied. The Photo-Fenton degradation exhibited high efficiency across the entire tested pH range, whereas photocatalytic degradation showed comparable activity only at acidic pH. The F@FC-gCN composite catalyst exhibited a high degree of recyclability. The degradation pathways of photocatalytic and Photo-Fenton reactions were suggested by HPLC-MS analysis of the reaction products. A notable finding of this study was the observation that the green-yellow, fluorescent intermediate Rhodamine 110 was formed during the photocatalytic degradation of RhB. However, the high reactivity of the generated \u2022OH radicals during Photo-Fenton degradation has been demonstrated to inhibit the formation of intermediate Rhodamine 110.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27073133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T15:20:47Z","timestamp":1774884047000},"page":"3133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Photocatalytic and Photo-Fenton Degradation Activity of Hierarchically Structured \u03b1-Fe2O3@Fe-CeO2 and g-C3N4 Composite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0158-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneta","family":"Bu\u017ekov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palack\u00fd University, 17. listopadu 1192\/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8513-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radka","family":"Pocklanov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palack\u00fd University, 17. listopadu 1192\/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9649-0491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlastimil","family":"Nov\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172\/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Petr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palack\u00fd University, \u0160lechtitel\u016f 241\/27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1179-9992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbora","family":"\u0160tefkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palack\u00fd University, 17. listopadu 1192\/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Rancov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palack\u00fd University, 17. listopadu 1192\/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0916-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"Ka\u0161l\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palack\u00fd University, \u0160lechtitel\u016f 241\/27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Prucek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palack\u00fd University, 17. listopadu 1192\/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5429-9966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ale\u0161","family":"Pan\u00e1\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palack\u00fd University, 17. listopadu 1192\/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2005-560X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libor","family":"Kv\u00edtek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palack\u00fd University, 17. listopadu 1192\/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2021.101504","article-title":"Heavy Metal Water Pollution: A Fresh Look about Hazards, Novel and Conventional Remediation Methods","volume":"22","author":"Figueroa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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