{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:59:20Z","timestamp":1785437960027,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANID-FONDECYT Program","award":["1230809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230809"]}]},{"name":"ANID-FONDECYT Program","award":["11260515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11260515"]}]},{"name":"ANID-FONDECYT Program","award":["1251218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1251218"]}]},{"award":["1230809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230809"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ap3w078","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["11260515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11260515"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ap3w078","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1251218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1251218"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ap3w078","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ANID National Doctorate fellowship","award":["21201859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21201859"]}]},{"award":["21201859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21201859"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ap3w078","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), serve as the primary reservoir of HIV-1 in the brain and play a crucial role in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). While long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential regulators of HIV-1 replication in T cells and macrophages, their role in microglia remains poorly understood. Here, we performed RNA sequencing of polyadenylated transcripts from a human microglial cell line exposed to HIV-1 infection or TNF-\u03b1 stimulation to investigate transcriptional responses and identify lncRNAs with potential regulatory functions. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed broad overlap between viral and inflammatory responses, reflecting convergence on common molecular pathways. Among differentially expressed lncRNAs, we focused on TALAM1, which was specifically induced by HIV-1, and LINC00702, which responded to both HIV-1 and TNF-\u03b1. Validation by RT-qPCR confirmed the upregulation of TALAM1 and LINC00702 at 24 h post-infection. Furthermore, knockdown of either lncRNA affected viral genomic RNA levels, while only LINC00702 knockdown affected p55 production. Given that subcellular localization informs lncRNA function, we assessed the distribution of TALAM1 and LINC00702. TALAM1 was predominantly cytoplasmic under basal conditions but shifted toward nuclear enrichment upon HIV-1 infection, whereas LINC00702 remained primarily nuclear regardless of infection status. Consistent with their genomic context, protein interaction predictions, and pathway enrichment analyses suggested that TALAM1 may influence RNA processing and splicing, whereas LINC00702 may contribute to translational regulation and is associated with proteins involved in immune responses. Together, these findings provide an initial characterization of lncRNA responses to HIV-1 infection in a human microglial cell line and identify TALAM1 and LINC00702 as candidates for future functional studies in the context of viral infection and neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27073271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T02:06:21Z","timestamp":1775441181000},"page":"3271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies TALAM1 and LINC00702 as HIV-1-Responsive lncRNAs in Microglia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8955-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Rojas-Celis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Millan-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0707-5588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Mamede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics Biochemistry, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidora","family":"Morales-Vejar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidora","family":"Pittet-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Nutrici\u00f3n y Diet\u00e9tica, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo P.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSPER-Institute of Education and Research, S\u00e3o Paulo 04546, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5297-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder I.","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo 05620, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Reyes-Cerpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9156-2516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Valiente-Echeverr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, N\u00facleo Interdisciplinario de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas (ICBM), Center for HIV\/AIDS Integral Research (CHAIR) and Instituto Milenio en Inmunolog\u00eda e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Pereira-Montecinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Toro-Ascuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0382-8","article-title":"Microglia and Macrophages of the Central Nervous System: The Contribution of Microglia Priming and Systemic Inflammation to Chronic Neurodegeneration","volume":"35","author":"Perry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. 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