{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:05:29Z","timestamp":1790888729132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":256,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad lbn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU).","award":["[grant number IMSIU-DDRSP 2602]."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[grant number IMSIU-DDRSP 2602]."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are now understood to be significantly influenced by the intricate interactions between the microbiome and host physiology. This review investigates the function of epigenetic dysregulation in microbiome\u2013host interaction and its consequences for health and disease. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA-associated regulation, are key mechanisms that control gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Microbial metabolites and community composition alterations can cause disruptions in these epigenetic processes, resulting in dysregulated immune responses and the initiation of chronic inflammatory conditions. In particular, the diversity of gut microbiota alters host epigenetic patterns, affecting T cell differentiation, inflammatory modulation, and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant epigenetic modifications contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by promoting inflammation and autoimmunity. Similarly, gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Identifying the reciprocal interaction between epigenetic alterations and microbiome dynamics provides unique insights into therapeutic options targeted at restoring microbial homeostasis to prevent disease progress. Consequently, understanding the intricacies of epigenetic dysregulation in microbiome\u2013host interactions represents a significant sector in biomedical research and highlights the promise for precision medicine approaches in treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The potential for microbiome-based therapies to affect host epigenetic landscapes requires additional research, paving the way for innovative therapeutic paradigms targeted at improving host resilience and restoring immunological balance. The purpose of this review is to synthesize current knowledge on how epigenetic dysregulation and microbiome\u2013host interactions drive inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and to highlight emerging therapeutic opportunities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27083354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T15:26:39Z","timestamp":1775661999000},"page":"3354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epigenetic Alterations in Microbiome\u2013Host Interactions in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Abdallah A.","family":"Basher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, 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