{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:55:51Z","timestamp":1785412551407,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Contract No. 4300\/B3\/DT.03.08\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract No. 4300\/B3\/DT.03.08\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Contract No. 297\/UN3\/HK.07.00\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract No. 297\/UN3\/HK.07.00\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Contract No. 4300\/B3\/DT.03.08\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract No. 4300\/B3\/DT.03.08\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p2xef58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Contract No. 297\/UN3\/HK.07.00\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract No. 297\/UN3\/HK.07.00\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p2xef58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Research Collaboration Top Tier Scheme","award":["No.5418\/B\/UN3.LPPM\/PT.01.03\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.5418\/B\/UN3.LPPM\/PT.01.03\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remain at high risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke). Inflammatory\u2013oxidative stress biomarkers are potential prognostic tools; however, the influence of sampling timing\u2014pre-procedural versus post-procedural\u2014remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluated six biomarkers: sST2, GDF-15, OPG, sLOX-1, H-FABP, and Galectin-3. Pooled Hazard Ratios (HRs) for time-to-event outcomes and Standardized Mean Differences (SMDs) between event and non-event groups were synthesized using random-effects models involving 40 studies (18,933 patients). Elevated pre-procedural levels of sST2 (HR = 3.32, p &lt; 0.0001), GDF-15 (HR = 3.00, p &lt; 0.0001), sLOX-1 (HR = 2.61, p = 0.0023), and OPG (HR = 1.79, p = 0.0206) significantly predicted MACE. Notably, pre-PCI sST2 strongly predicted heart failure hospitalization (HR = 6.30, p &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, pre-PCI H-FABP demonstrated a moderate significant effect on adverse outcomes (SMD = 0.67, p &lt; 0.0001). While pre-PCI Galectin-3 was not significant, its post-procedural levels showed a large significant effect (SMD = 1.15, p &lt; 0.0001). In conclusion, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, particularly sST2 and GDF-15, demonstrate consistent associations with adverse outcomes in ACS patients undergoing PCI, offering more reliable baseline risk stratification than post-procedural measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27083389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:55:12Z","timestamp":1775807712000},"page":"3389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prognostic Value of Pre-Procedural and Post-Procedural Inflammatory\u2013Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3210-0641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan Samuel Matogu","family":"Tambunan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5180-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Citrawati Dyah Kencono","family":"Wungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5603-9487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendri","family":"Susilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Cardiometabolic Science Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"},{"name":"Cardiovascular and Cardiometabolic Science Research Group, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"},{"name":"Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azizah Bonitha Zahrah","family":"Santoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0317-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anindita Azkia","family":"Fauzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramudya Dhafa","family":"Hernandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert Steven","family":"Purnama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9400-1973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Langgeng Agung","family":"Waskito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"},{"name":"Oncology and Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indah Mohd","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor 47000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nando Reza","family":"Pratama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"},{"name":"Summit Institute for Development Indonesia, Mataram 83238, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). 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