{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:58:38Z","timestamp":1791579518316,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":452,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008900","name":"University of South Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CREATE (Collaborative Research Excellence and Translational Efforts) award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CREATE (Collaborative Research Excellence and Translational Efforts) award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["CREATE (Collaborative Research Excellence and Translational Efforts) award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CREATE (Collaborative Research Excellence and Translational Efforts) award"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/032db5x82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD), Lewy Body Disease (LBD), and related dementias, represent a global health challenge, particularly in aging populations. The simultaneous occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases in an aging population suggests a potential link between causative proteins. Such neurodegenerative proteins, including amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2), \u03c4-protein (tau), \u03b1-synuclein, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), and Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), share key characteristics of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which can explain promiscuous physical interactions, cross-seeding, co-occurrence, pathological synergy, and shared upstream and downstream mechanisms. This review synthesizes current evidence on (1) shared biophysical features of neurodegeneration-associated proteins, (2) mechanisms driving mixed neuropathology, (3) therapeutic implications of disorder-driven interactions, and (4) key unresolved questions shaping future research. By framing neurodegeneration as a network of interacting, disorder-driven proteinopathies rather than isolated entities, this perspective highlights the need for integrative, systems-level approaches to better understand disease heterogeneity and to identify novel targets for intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27083669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:22:47Z","timestamp":1776691367000},"page":"3669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Amyloid-\u03b2, Tau Protein, \u03b1-Synuclein, TDP-43, and FUS in Mixed Pathology: And Intrinsic Disorder to Rule Them All"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7412-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex S.","family":"Siebner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Clinic T\u00fcbingen, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site T\u00fcbingen, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4037-5857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir N.","family":"Uversky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S51","article-title":"The Synucleinopathies: Twenty Years On","volume":"7","author":"Goedert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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