{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:20:59Z","timestamp":1790803259394,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, Romania","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pjx9m11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hexavalent chromium, a widespread heavy metal, induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway through Bax (pro-apoptotic) and Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic) proteins. Hypericum perforatum, rich in antioxidants, can neutralise free radicals. This study investigated the effects of CrVI on the pancreas and the protective role of Hypericum perforatum. Five groups of animals were used: control, Cr (CrVI for 3 months), CrH (CrVI + 2.5% Hypericum perforatum extract made from flowers, for 3 months), Cr2 (CrVI for 3 months + distilled water for 1 month), and CrH2 (CrVI for 3 months + Hypericum perforatum extract for 1 month). Samples were collected for histological analysis, gene expression (qRT-PCR), and blood glucose level analysis. CrVI exposure (Cr, Cr2) caused pancreatic damage: oedema, reduced islet size, endocrine cell vacuolisation, and endothelial swelling. Lesions were milder in CrH, while CrH2 resembled the control group. The Bax\/Bcl2 ratio increased under CrVI (highest in Cr2), indicating apoptosis, but decreased toward control values in CrH and CrH2. Blood glucose levels confirmed these findings. CrVI proved toxic to the endocrine pancreas, inducing structural and molecular alterations that impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Administration of Hypericum perforatum extract reduced these effects, confirming its antioxidant action and potential as a protective agent against CrVI-induced oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27083706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T16:10:44Z","timestamp":1776787844000},"page":"3706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hexavalent Chromium Toxicity in the Pancreas: A Study on the Protective Effects of Hypericum perforatum Extract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7654-7235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Savici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1099-331X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Marc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9335-4462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana-Maria","family":"Boldura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8870-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalin Cicerone","family":"Grigorescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, West University \u201cVasile Goldis\u201d, Bd Revolutiei 94, 310025 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5570-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnologies and Environmental Protection, Politehnica University Timisoara, Vasile P\u00e2rvan No. 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"V\u0103duva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7394-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Brezovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00378-5","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Mechanisms of Different Forms of Chromium","volume":"180","author":"Bagchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"851","article-title":"Hexavalent Chromium Intoxication Induces Intrinsic and Extrinsic Apoptosis in Human Renal Cells","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. 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