{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T13:28:31Z","timestamp":1792762111976,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Migraine is a highly prevalent and disabling neurovascular disorder that represents a major global health burden due to its significant impact on quality of life and socioeconomic costs. Increasing evidence suggests that migraine pathophysiology involves complex interactions between neuronal hyperexcitability, vascular dysregulation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory processes. Oxidative and nitrosative stress are increasingly recognized as key contributors to migraine mechanisms, influencing mitochondrial dysfunction, cortical spreading depression, and trigeminovascular activation. Nitric oxide plays a central role in these processes by regulating vascular tone, nociceptive signaling, and neurogenic inflammation through downstream pathways such as the soluble guanylate cyclase\u2013cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO\u2013sGC\u2013cGMP) signaling cascade. Dysregulation of nitric oxide signaling and increased oxidative stress may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and impaired cerebrovascular regulation observed in migraine patients. In addition, accumulating evidence highlights the role of neuroinflammatory mechanisms, including microglial activation and cytokine-mediated signaling, which may amplify nociceptive transmission within trigeminal pathways. Migraine is increasingly recognized as a systemic disorder associated with several comorbid conditions, including Parkinson\u2019s disease, fibromyalgia, and autoimmune diseases such as Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. This review summarizes recent advances regarding the interactions between oxidative stress, nitric oxide signaling, endothelial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in migraine and discusses their potential therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27093710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T09:01:24Z","timestamp":1776848484000},"page":"3710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Migraine: Recent Advances and Molecular Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alexandra Ina","family":"Bulboac\u0103","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Sch\u00f6n Klinik, Parzivalpl. Str. 4, 80804 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5185-9512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Gerdanovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology Department, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219 Street, No. 2-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Viilor Street, No. 46-50, 400066 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1488-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan-Andrei","family":"Borlea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219 Street, No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Cristina","family":"St\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Viilor Street, No. 46-50, 400066 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Neurology Department, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219 Street, No. 43, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Bombonica","family":"Dogaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Balneophysiokinetotherapy and Medical Recovery, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u015f Street, No. 8, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3222-6448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Ariadna","family":"Nicula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Specialties, Department 1\u2014Maxilo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camelia Manuela","family":"M\u00eerza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology Department, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219 Street, No. 2-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Elena","family":"Bulboac\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology Department, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219 Street, No. 2-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pescador Ruschel, M.A., and De Jesus, O. 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