{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T05:09:22Z","timestamp":1778303362108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has significantly shifted from chemoimmunotherapy to targeted therapies like Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase and BCL2 inhibitors. Despite these advancements, CLL remains an incurable disease characterized by immune dysregulation, therapeutic resistance, and cumulative toxicities. To overcome these challenges, novel immunotherapeutic strategies are emerging as fundamentally different approaches that target immune\u2013tumor interactions. These innovations include novel monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies that redirect T cell cytotoxicity, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, and natural killer (NK) cell-based platforms. By actively engaging cellular cytotoxicity, these approaches show promise in high-risk and treatment-resistant scenarios where standard pathway inhibition is inadequate. Establishing optimal use, toxicity management, and combination strategies for these cell-engaging immunotherapies is now a critical priority in contemporary CLL research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27093722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T12:00:32Z","timestamp":1776859232000},"page":"3722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advancing Immunotherapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3082-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Bieli\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wysocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hematology and Internal Medicine, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"Tyrna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hematology and Internal Medicine, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3411-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Robak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hematology and Internal Medicine, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Pabianicka 62 St., 93-513 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Pu\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hematology and Internal Medicine, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Pabianicka 62 St., 93-513 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2021.1986217","article-title":"Impact of venetoclax monotherapy on the quality of life of patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Results from the phase 3b VENICE II trial","volume":"63","author":"Cochrane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leuk. 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