{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:57:24Z","timestamp":1776949044186,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects approximately 10\u201325% of patients undergoing orthopedic procedures and is associated with impaired tissue healing, increased complication rates, and reduced responsiveness to orthobiologic therapies, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) preparations. The underlying mechanisms include advanced glycation end-product accumulation, NF-\u03baB-driven chronic inflammation, Nrf2 pathway impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic diabetic memory, collectively compromising both orthobiologic product quality and the tissue microenvironment. Emerging, predominantly mechanistic evidence suggests that targeted nutritional interventions, including bioactive compounds targeting mitochondrial biogenesis pathways, anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, and specific micronutrients, may modulate these pathological processes and potentially improve orthobiologic outcomes. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from diabetic pathophysiology, orthobiologic outcomes research, and nutritional science to propose a conceptual clinical framework for regenerative medicine optimization in T2DM patients. Critical knowledge gaps are identified, and a research agenda is proposed. The proposed framework, based primarily on mechanistic and preclinical evidence, should be interpreted as a foundation for research prioritization and hypothesis generation rather than as a clinical protocol. Rigorous randomized trials directly evaluating nutritional optimization in orthobiologic therapy for diabetic patients are required before evidence-based recommendations can be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27093749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:04:42Z","timestamp":1776945882000},"page":"3749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional Interventions to Optimize Orthobiologic Therapy Quality in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Framework: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rcia da Silva","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Metropolitan Union of Education and Culture (UNIME), Salvador 42700-000, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, FC Sports Traumatology Clinic, Salvador 40296-210, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0486-8114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Ramos","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, FC Sports Traumatology Clinic, Salvador 40296-210, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3138-2886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Prot\u00e1sio Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Silva","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2513-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubens","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Tiradentes University Center, Macei\u00f3 57038-800, AL, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0725-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luyddy","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7415-3953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Kruel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2884-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Azzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F\u00e1bio","family":"Lana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Regenerative Medicine, Orthoregen International Course, Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Medical School, Max Planck University Center (UniMAX), Indaiatuba 13343-060, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Clinical Research Department, Anna Vit\u00f3ria Lana Institute (IAVL), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Medical School, Jaguari\u00fana University Center (UniFAJ), Jaguari\u00fana 13820-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01302","article-title":"Neuropathy and poorly controlled diabetes increase the rate of surgical site infection after foot and ankle surgery","volume":"96","author":"Wukich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-021-01434-z","article-title":"Managing Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery to Improve Glycemic Outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Diaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i3.331","article-title":"Diabetes and its negative impact on outcomes in orthopaedic surgery","volume":"6","author":"Wukich","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15878","article-title":"Do patients with diabetes have an increased risk of impaired fracture healing? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"ANZ J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12824","article-title":"Tendinopathy in diabetes mellitus patients-Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management","volume":"27","author":"Lui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"6089719","article-title":"The Effects of Type II Diabetes Mellitus on Tendon Homeostasis and Healing","volume":"2019","author":"Best","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0330","article-title":"Increased Risk of Tendon Injury Following Structured Care in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analysis of a Large Randomized Controlled Trial with 19 Years of Follow-up","volume":"47","author":"Stausholm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Papadogeorgis, P., Karaliotas, A., Korakakis, V., Kotsifaki, R., Zacharouli, E., and Roumpi, T. (2025). Platelet-Rich Plasma for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. J. Clin. Med., 14."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Go, E.J., Kang, J.H., and Kim, J. (2025). Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review of Clinical Efficacy and Future Directions. Medicina, 61.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61050853"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"2843","article-title":"Advancements in Regenerative Therapies for Orthopedics: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"26","author":"Adams","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"2009","article-title":"Clinical and Structural Outcomes After Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients with Diabetes: A Meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abate, M., Di Carlo, L., Salini, V., and Schiavone, C. (2024). Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy in Achilles and Patellar Tendinopathies: Outcomes in Subjects with Diabetes. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185443"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, T.C., Hsu, M.F., and Wu, K.K. (2015). High glucose induces bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell senescence by upregulating autophagy. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126537"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, X., Wang, H., Jin, T., Xu, Y., Mei, L., and Yang, J. (2023). Osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell in hyperglycemia. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1150068"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2020.09.012","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products in musculoskeletal system and disorders","volume":"203","author":"Suzuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49062-8","article-title":"Advanced Glycation End-Products Suppress Mitochondrial Function and Proliferative Capacity of Achilles Tendon-Derived Fibroblasts","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545","article-title":"Oxidative stress and diabetic complications","volume":"107","author":"Giacco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi20-0030","article-title":"Epigenetic Mechanisms in Diabetic Vascular Complications and Metabolic Memory: The 2020 Edwin Bierman Award Lecture","volume":"70","author":"Natarajan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8466","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1032913100","article-title":"Coordinated reduction of genes of oxidative metabolism in humans with insulin resistance and diabetes: Potential role of PGC1 and NRF1","volume":"100","author":"Patti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhansali, S., Bhansali, A., Walia, R., Saikia, U.N., and Dhawan, V. (2017). Alterations in Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Mitophagy in Subjects with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front. Endocrinol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00347"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.13320","article-title":"Optimizing orthobiologic therapies with exercise, diet, and supplements","volume":"17","author":"Montagnino","year":"2025","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1869717","article-title":"Platelet Rich Plasma in Orthopedic Surgical Medicine","volume":"32","author":"Everts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-014-0202-7","article-title":"Diabetes, Collagen, and Bone Quality","volume":"12","author":"Saito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051947","article-title":"Regulation of osteoclast function and bone mass by RAGE","volume":"203","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.04.012","article-title":"Short-term pharmacologic RAGE inhibition differentially affects bone and skeletal muscle in middle-aged mice","volume":"124","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taguchi, K., and Fukami, K. (2023). RAGE signaling regulates the progression of diabetic complications. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1128872"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saito, M., and Marumo, K. (2013). Bone quality in diabetes. Front. Endocrinol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00072"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0496","article-title":"Diabetes-Induced NF-\u03baB Dysregulation in Skeletal Stem Cells Prevents Resolution of Inflammation","volume":"68","author":"Ko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.12.008","article-title":"NF-\u03baB, inflammation, and metabolic disease","volume":"13","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0564","article-title":"An Essential Role of NRF2 in Diabetic Wound Healing","volume":"65","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0453","article-title":"Restoration of Nrf2 Signaling Normalizes the Regenerative Niche","volume":"65","author":"Soares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Targeted Protection of Donor Graft Vasculature Using a Nrf2 Stimulator Confers Long-lasting Allograft Survival","volume":"68","author":"Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0623","article-title":"NRF2 and Diabetes: The Good, the Bad, and the Complex","volume":"71","author":"Dodson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"David, J.A., and Bhimji, S.S. (2023). The Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Diabetes. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.10.2944","article-title":"Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Kelley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0027","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Patti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16019","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.004102","article-title":"Active mitochondria support osteogenic differentiation by stimulating \u03b2-catenin acetylation","volume":"293","author":"Shares","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219855","article-title":"Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress","volume":"337","author":"Youle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8472","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9472","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells use extracellular vesicles to outsource mitophagy and shuttle microRNAs","volume":"6","author":"Phinney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2736","article-title":"Transfer of mitochondria from bone marrow-derived stromal cells to pulmonary alveoli protects against acute lung injury","volume":"18","author":"Islam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3462-y","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic complications and metabolic memory","volume":"58","author":"Reddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt468","article-title":"Diabetes impairs the angiogenic potential of adipose-derived stem cells by selectively depleting cellular subpopulations","volume":"5","author":"Rennert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, J., Shi, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Chen, Z., and Yang, J. (2022). Stem Cell-Based Therapy: A Promising Treatment for Diabetic Foot Ulcer. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10071507"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.8.1476","article-title":"Platelet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Vinik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.21037\/sci.2019.10.02","article-title":"Evaluation of platelet-rich plasma from diabetic donors shows increased platelet vascular endothelial growth factor release","volume":"6","author":"Karina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Investig."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742719","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/742719","article-title":"Platelet function in patients with diabetes mellitus: From a theoretical to a practical perspective","volume":"2011","author":"Kakouros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"63","article-title":"Platelets and Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Shahid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2018.11.016","article-title":"SIRT1 activation promotes angiogenesis in diabetic wounds by protecting endothelial cells against oxidative stress","volume":"661","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berlanga-Acosta, J.A., Guill\u00e9n-Nieto, G.E., Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez, N., Mendoza-Mar\u00ed, Y., Bringas-Vega, M.L., Berlanga-Saez, J.O., Garc\u00eda Del Barco Herrera, D., Martinez-Jimenez, I., Hernandez-Gutierrez, S., and Vald\u00e9s-Sosa, P.A. (2020). Cellular Senescence as the Pathogenic Hub of Diabetes-Related Wound Chronicity. Front. Endocrinol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.573032"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"tkac003","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and inflammation in diabetic wound healing","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1039\/C0MB00317D","article-title":"Impaired TGF-\u03b2 signaling and a defect in resolution of inflammation contribute to delayed wound healing in a female rat model of type 2 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Leibovich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"23","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization in diabetic wound healing","volume":"29","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"19417381251409133","article-title":"Metabolic Optimization Before Orthobiologic Therapies (MOBOT): A Narrative Review","volume":"18","author":"Fernandes","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lana, J.V., Lana, J.F., Melo, G., Azzini, G.O.M., Santos, G.S., Mosaner, T., Jorge, D.d.M.F., da Fonseca, L.F., Kruel, A., and Costa, F.R. (2024). SDIMMMER: A Proposed Clinical Approach to Optimize Cellular Physiology in Regenerative Medicine. Life, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/life14101287"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-025-02555-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma versus conventional care in diabetic foot ulcers: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"62","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meznerics, F.A., Feh\u00e9rv\u00e1ri, P., Dembrovszky, F., Kov\u00e1cs, K.D., Kem\u00e9ny, L.V., Csupor, D., Hegyi, P., and B\u00e1nv\u00f6lgyi, A. (2022). Platelet-Rich Plasma in Chronic Wound Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247532"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"108","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma for diabetic foot ulcer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"CD006899","article-title":"Autologous platelet-rich plasma for treating chronic wounds","volume":"5","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12690","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Andia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31827b6bbc","article-title":"Importance of perioperative glycemic control in general surgery: A report from the Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program","volume":"257","author":"Kwon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01619-6","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for type 1 & 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Kashbour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02342-5","article-title":"Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong, L., Chen, W., Wu, R., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., Zhong, Z., and Sun, Y. (2025). Impacts of stem cells from different sources on wound healing rate in diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Genet., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2024.1541992"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"103602","article-title":"The impact of diabetes mellitus on hematopoietic stem cell mobilization","volume":"62","author":"Eryigit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transfus. Apher. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2025). Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care, 48, S1\u2013S352."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2023). Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes. Diabetologia, 66, 965\u2013985.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05894-8"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, L., Gao, Q., Hu, K., Wu, M., Wang, Z., Chen, F., Mei, F., Zhao, L., and Ma, B. (2023). Pathogenesis and comprehensive treatment strategies of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1263650"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1329","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00525.2011","article-title":"Leucine and mTORC1: A complex relationship","volume":"302","author":"Dodd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., and Wang, J. (2023). Research progress in the role and mechanism of Leucine in regulating animal growth and development. Front. Physiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1252089"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318272fcdb","article-title":"Protein supplementation during resistance-type exercise training in the elderly","volume":"45","author":"Leenders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/15502783.2022.2104130","article-title":"The impact of nutrition on tendon health and tendinopathy: A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Fusaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02268-0","article-title":"Consumption of diets with low advanced glycation end products improves cardiometabolic parameters: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"7","author":"Baye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.125427","article-title":"Diet low in advanced glycation end products increases insulin sensitivity in healthy overweight individuals: A double-blind, randomized, crossover trial","volume":"103","author":"Soldatos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0842","article-title":"Consumption of a diet low in advanced glycation end products for 4 weeks improves insulin sensitivity in overweight women","volume":"37","author":"Mark","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000440","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000440","article-title":"Carbohydrate-Last Meal Pattern Lowers Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Excursions in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Shukla","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S335024","article-title":"Chrysin Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Apoptosis and Dysfunction via the Activation of the PI3K\/AKT\/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0723","article-title":"Effects of a Protein Preload on Gastric Emptying, Glycemia, and Gut Hormones After a Carbohydrate Meal in Diet-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"444","article-title":"Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Anti-Inflammatory Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy","volume":"10","author":"Serini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"5884","article-title":"Effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on diabetic foot ulcer","volume":"14","author":"Soleimani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000414","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000414","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of rotator cuff related shoulder pain","volume":"4","author":"Sandford","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18601","article-title":"Impact of vitamin D deficiency on mortality in patients with hip fracture: A meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Llombart","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.1374","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Risk of Fractures and Falls According to Dosage and Interval: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"37","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202106","article-title":"Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults","volume":"387","author":"LeBoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, L., Li, X., Wang, X., and Xu, M. (2023). Effects of magnesium supplementation on improving hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension in type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 24 randomized controlled trials. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1020327"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.06.019","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effects of magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and glucose control","volume":"111","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3400-y","article-title":"Dietary magnesium intake, bone mineral density and risk of fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Saneei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"CD011378","article-title":"Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, P.H., Sermersheim, M., Li, H., Lee, P.H.U., Steinberg, S.M., and Ma, J. (2018). Zinc in Wound Healing Modulation. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010016"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967118804544","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118804544","article-title":"Efficacy of Vitamin C Supplementation on Collagen Synthesis and Oxidative Stress After Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"DePhillipo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.138594","article-title":"Vitamin C-enriched gelatin supplementation before intermittent activity augments collagen synthesis","volume":"105","author":"Shaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.09.049","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension","volume":"161","author":"Lan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"1474","article-title":"Effects of berberine on serum levels of inflammatory factors and inflammatory signaling pathway in obese mice induced by high fat diet","volume":"35","author":"Shang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senger, D.R., Li, D., Jaminet, S.C., and Cao, S. (2016). Activation of the Nrf2 Cell Defense Pathway by Ancient Foods: Disease Prevention by Important Molecules and Microbes Lost from the Modern Western Diet. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148042"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-018-0008-x","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of the NRF2 and KEAP1 partnership in chronic diseases","volume":"18","author":"Cuadrado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, X., Sun, J., Chen, G., Niu, C., Wang, Y., Zhao, C., Sun, J., Huang, H., Huang, S., and Liang, Y. (2019). Resveratrol Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing via SIRT1-FOXO1-c-Myc Signaling Pathway-Mediated Angiogenesis. Front. Pharmacol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00421"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0368","article-title":"AMPK: A target for drugs and natural products with effects on both diabetes and cancer","volume":"62","author":"Hardie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13039","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13039","article-title":"Metformin blunts muscle hypertrophy in response to progressive resistance exercise training in older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial: The MASTERS trial","volume":"18","author":"Walton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12880","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12880","article-title":"Metformin inhibits mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic exercise training in older adults","volume":"18","author":"Konopka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2007.03.002","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 and statins: Biochemical and clinical implications","volume":"7","author":"Littarru","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400603","article-title":"Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the anti-oxidant alpha-lipoic acid. A 3-week multicentre randomized controlled trial (ALADIN Study)","volume":"38","author":"Ziegler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0503","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of antioxidant treatment with \u03b1-lipoic acid over 4 years in diabetic polyneuropathy: The NATHAN 1 trial","volume":"34","author":"Ziegler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0073-4","article-title":"The mitophagy activator urolithin A is safe and induces a molecular signature of improved mitochondrial and cellular health in humans","volume":"1","author":"Andreux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0352-x","article-title":"A network meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"33","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.04.002","article-title":"Short-term calorie restriction enhances skeletal muscle stem cell function","volume":"10","author":"Cerletti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-019-01846-1","article-title":"Caloric restriction maintains stem cells through niche and cell modulation","volume":"98","author":"Maharajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.04.001","article-title":"Fasting Activates Fatty Acid Oxidation to Enhance Intestinal Stem Cell Function during Homeostasis and Aging","volume":"22","author":"Mihaylova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06261","article-title":"Small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"450","author":"Milne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-010-1525-4","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, and metabolic profile of resveratrol and its dimethylether analog, pterostilbene, in rats","volume":"68","author":"Kapetanovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463595","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/463595","article-title":"Analysis of safety from a human clinical trial with pterostilbene","volume":"2013","author":"Riche","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575482","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/575482","article-title":"A review of pterostilbene antioxidant activity and disease modification","volume":"2013","author":"McCormack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2008.01.013","article-title":"Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"57","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.07.029","article-title":"Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591654","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/591654","article-title":"Berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2012","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.043","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside augments the aged human skeletal muscle NAD+ metabolome and induces transcriptomic and anti-inflammatory signatures","volume":"28","author":"Elhassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe9985","article-title":"Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women","volume":"372","author":"Yoshino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2144279","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.44279","article-title":"Effect of urolithin A supplementation on muscle endurance and mitochondrial health in older adults: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518756540","article-title":"Effect of \u03b1-lipoic acid on symptoms and quality of life in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy","volume":"46","author":"Agathos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008222","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008222","article-title":"A journey into a Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"5","author":"Esposito","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800389","article-title":"Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts","volume":"378","author":"Estruch","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papadaki, A., Nolen-Doerr, E., and Mantzoros, C.S. (2020). The Effect of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials in Adults. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113342"},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"315","article-title":"Post-fast refeeding enhances intestinal stem cell-mediated epithelial regeneration and tumourigenesis","volume":"628","author":"Imada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, Y.J., Jeon, S.M., and Shin, S. (2020). Impact of a Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Obesity or Overweight and with or without Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072005"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2023.102905","article-title":"The effects of the ketogenic diet for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of recent studies","volume":"17","author":"Choy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14837","article-title":"Very low carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Weatherall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227166","article-title":"Suppression of oxidative stress by \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous histone deacetylase inhibitor","volume":"339","author":"Shimazu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064916","article-title":"\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate: A Signaling Metabolite","volume":"37","author":"Newman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-111120-111518","article-title":"Metabolic and Signaling Roles of Ketone Bodies in Health and Disease","volume":"41","author":"Puchalska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.07.036","article-title":"\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Prevents Vascular Senescence through hnRNP A1-Mediated Upregulation of Oct4","volume":"71","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013002115","article-title":"Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index","volume":"17","author":"Shivappa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"1096","article-title":"Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study of 51,529 Adults","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13349","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13349","article-title":"The dietary inflammatory index, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases","volume":"23","author":"Hariharan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"1002296","article-title":"Association between dietary inflammatory index and type 2 diabetes: NHANES 2005\u20132018","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Dietary inflammatory index and long-term changes in body composition: The Whitehall II study","volume":"76","author":"Ozawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Z., Kong, X.J., Jing, X., Deng, R.J., and Tian, Z.B. (2015). Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 as a Predictor of Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132857"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533609332087","article-title":"Comparison of Tools for Nutrition Assessment and Screening for Predicting the Development of Complications in Orthopedic Surgery","volume":"24","author":"Ozkalkanli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000845","article-title":"Comparison of nutritional screening and assessment tools: A network meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Cheung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12383","article-title":"GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition\u2014A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community","volume":"10","author":"Cederholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2025). 16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care, 48, S321\u2013S334.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S016"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403664","article-title":"Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Persons with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"391","author":"Bliddal","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"34","article-title":"ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery","volume":"44","author":"Weimann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2013.08.008","article-title":"Effect of total-body prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Clarke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"23","article-title":"Optimizing functional exercise capacity in the elderly surgical population","volume":"8","author":"Carli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4952","article-title":"Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: A Review","volume":"152","author":"Ljungqvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_146","unstructured":"Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care (2026, January 10). Management of Adults with Diabetes Undergoing Surgery and Elective Procedures. Available online: https:\/\/abcd.care\/joint-british-diabetes-societies-jbds-inpatient-care-group."},{"key":"ref_147","unstructured":"(2026, January 10). NCT05546541. NUTRIRISK\/REGAIN: Nutritional Status, Orthobiologic Quality, and Clinical Outcomes, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05546541."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1391","article-title":"Skin autofluorescence is a strong predictor of cardiac mortality in diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Meerwaldt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.03.167","article-title":"Evaluation of tissue accumulation levels of advanced glycation end products by skin autofluorescence","volume":"185","author":"Yamagishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/9\/3749\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:06:44Z","timestamp":1776946004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/9\/3749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27093749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27093749","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]}}}