{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:31:26Z","timestamp":1789270286442,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prediabetes is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for sarcopenia, driven by chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and impaired anabolic signaling. Nutritional interventions containing whey protein, hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB), glucosamine, and micronutrients may offer a multi-target strategy to counteract muscle deterioration. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of HiLo Platinum\u2122 supplementation in attenuating muscle strength decline in a prediabetic rat model, with integrated analysis of metabolic biomarkers and gut microbiome profiles. A randomized preclinical trial was conducted using male Sprague Dawley rats assigned to four groups: normal diet (ND), prediabetic control induced by cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet with fructose (CFEDF), and two treatment groups receiving low-dose (0.63 g\/kg BW) or high-dose (1.26 g\/kg BW) HiLo Platinum\u2122. The intervention lasted six weeks. Muscle strength was assessed via a four-limb grip strength test (reverse hang time and holding impulse). Biomarkers related to inflammation, mitochondrial function, and anabolic signaling (TNF-\u03b1, IL-10, PGC-1\u03b1, IGF-1, SIRT-1, AMPK, mTOR, and myostatin), lipid profile, and blood glucose were analyzed. Gut microbiome composition and diversity were evaluated using taxonomic profiling and multivariate analyses. HiLo Platinum\u2122 supplementation significantly improved muscle strength, evidenced by increased reverse hang time and holding impulse (p &lt; 0.001). Both doses reduced blood glucose and improved lipid profiles, including increased HDL and decreased LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Anti-inflammatory effects were observed with reduced TNF-\u03b1 and elevated IL-10 levels. Mitochondrial and metabolic regulators (PGC-1\u03b1, SIRT-1, AMPK) and anabolic mediators (IGF-1) were significantly upregulated, while mTOR levels decreased. Gut microbiome analysis revealed increased genus richness (Chao1 index) and distinct microbial shifts associated with improved metabolic and inflammatory markers. HiLo Platinum\u2122 effectively mitigates prediabetes-induced muscle strength decline through integrated modulation of inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial function, metabolic homeostasis, and gut microbiome composition. These findings support its potential as a nutritional therapeutic strategy for preventing sarcopenia in prediabetic conditions, although further studies are needed to evaluate long-term effects and implications on muscle hypertrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27094014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:47:28Z","timestamp":1777546048000},"page":"4014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi-Axis Reprogramming of Muscle\u2013Metabolic Crosstalk by HiLo Platinum\u2122 Restores Strength in Prediabetes via Mitochondrial Activation and Gut Microbiome Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6779-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy Nicolas","family":"Sibarani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8060-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Iqhrammullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh 23245, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9384-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal Arifi","family":"Hidayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia"},{"name":"Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia"},{"name":"Medical Research Center of Indonesia, Surabaya 60281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7721-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricky Indra","family":"Alfaray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia"},{"name":"Medical Research Center of Indonesia, Surabaya 60281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2151-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahrul","family":"Nurkolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia"},{"name":"Medical Research Center of Indonesia, Surabaya 60281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Institute for Research and Community Service, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5505-3327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonello","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-2376","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Prediabetes","volume":"46","author":"Rooney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., Mao, J., and Zhou, W. 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