{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:27:47Z","timestamp":1785414467302,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RAFER SL-Ibercaja"},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades","award":["CNS2023-145442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2023-145442"]}]},{"award":["CNS2023-145442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2023-145442"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05r0vyz12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI24CIII\/00046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24CIII\/00046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PI24CIII\/00046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24CIII\/00046"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adenoviruses have been implicated in childhood cancers, primarily leukemia, yet prior neonatal investigations have rarely examined other pediatric tumor types. This study evaluated whether adenoviral early region (E1A) sequences can be detected in archival neonatal Guthrie cards from children who later developed diverse pediatric tumors and in corresponding paraffin-embedded tissues. DNA extraction was optimized for long-stored dried blood spots, and PCR conditions were refined for both Guthrie card and paraffin-derived DNA. Adenoviral E1A was analyzed using conventional and nested PCR, and sequencing of representative amplicons confirmed correspondence to human adenovirus species C. E1A PCR positivity was found in 43% of Guthrie cards from cases (n = 54) and 34% of controls (n = 32), and in 41% of tumor tissues (n = 75) compared with 5% of non-tumor paraffin controls (n = 20). Detection occurred across multiple tumor categories without a clear association with tumor type. Partial concordance was observed between paired neonatal and tumor samples, and cytomegalovirus markers were detected in a subset of E1A-positive specimens. These findings confirm the suitability of Guthrie cards for retrospective viral DNA detection and extend previous leukemia-focused neonatal studies to broader pediatric tumors. The data suggest a potential association between birth-stage adenoviral detection and childhood cancer, though a causal link remains unproven and requires further longitudinal investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27094047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:50:01Z","timestamp":1777618201000},"page":"4047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of Adenoviral E1A Gene in Guthrie Cards for Insights into Pediatric Cancer Origin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2293-363X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gracia","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Forensic and Legal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Aragon\u00e9s de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Strunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Aragon\u00e9s de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlota","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Clinical Biochemistry and Pathology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Irazabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Clinical Biochemistry and Pathology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramiro","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Clinical Biochemistry and Pathology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Gomez-Sirvent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5521-9892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Almaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Unit, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1526-3201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Losa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron (HUVH), Campus Vall d\u2019Hebron, Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3867-1390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron (HUVH), Campus Vall d\u2019Hebron, Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Passeig Vall d\u2019Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5630-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebeca","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2890-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Martin-Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanomedicines and Nanotherapies Unit, Department of Development of Medicines and Advanced Therapies, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0558-9","article-title":"The landscape of viral associations in human cancers","volume":"52","author":"Zapatka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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