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Currently, treatment options for fibromyalgia remain limited; however, the epidemiology of this syndrome continues to grow worldwide. The use of animal models is indispensable for developing new treatment strategies for fibromyalgia. Meanwhile, the choice of animal paradigms is limited. Here, we used the ultrasound exposure of emotional stress on CBA, BALB\/c, and C57BL\/6 mouse strains to model this condition and to identify new molecular targets of fibromyalgia treatment. We exposed young male mice of three common strains to a three-week ultrasound stress (US) comprising emotionally negative and neutral frequencies of 20\u201325 kHz and 25\u201345 kHz, resulting in the development of altered pain sensitivity and signs of \u2018negative emotionality\u2019. Specifically, mice were studied for timid-like\/aggressive behaviors and the tail flick response. Serum levels of corticosterone, cortisol, \u03b2-Endorphin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as brain gene expression of interleukin-33 (Il-33), Bdnf, and its receptor Trkb were investigated. Among the stressed mouse strains, C57BL\/6 mice displayed augmented pain sensitivity, allodynia, and suppressed dominant behavior, whereas CBA and BALB\/c mice demonstrated opposing changes. Glucocorticoid levels were increased in all stressed groups. Stressed C57BL\/6 mice showed downregulated gene and protein expression of functionally inter-related BDNF and IL-33 molecules in the hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum, significantly correlating with behavioral outcomes, as well as lowered blood levels of \u03b2-Endorphin and elevated cortisol concentrations. Altogether, our study identified the BDNF\/IL-33 regulatory pathway as a molecular correlate of fibromyalgia, and the use of US-exposed young C57BL\/6 mice as a potential model that recapitulates this syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27094051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:50:01Z","timestamp":1777618201000},"page":"4051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["BDNF and IL-33 Dynamics in an Ultrasound Stress Model of Fibromyalgia-like Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Careen A.","family":"Schroeter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive & Environmental Medicine Unit, Clinic Kastanienhof, Statthalterhofweg 70, 50858 K\u00f6ln-Junkersdorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitrii","family":"Pavlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7583-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes P. M. de","family":"Munter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitsinsel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexei","family":"Umriukhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Cespuglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon, ENES Team, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, 69675 Bron, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kuznetsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey V.","family":"Deykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetic Technology and Gene Editing for Biomedicine and Veterinary, National Research Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6161-1671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sholpan","family":"Askarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitationsfachkliniken, Hochwald-Kliniken, 66709 Weiskirchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gorlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitsinsel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research and Education Resource Center, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Strekalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitsinsel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Magarete-H\u00f6ppel-Platz 1, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00204-5","article-title":"Increased Pain Sensitivity in Fibromyalgia: Effects of Stimulus Type and Mode of Presentation","volume":"105","author":"Petzke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1223","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001223","article-title":"Fibromyalgia Syndrome-a Bodily Distress Disorder\/Somatic Symptom Disorder?","volume":"10","author":"Fitzcharles","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12302","article-title":"The Comparative Burden of Chronic Widespread Pain and Fibromyalgia in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Schaefer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.07.004","article-title":"Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Depressive Symptoms: Comorbidity and Clinical Correlates","volume":"128","author":"Aguglia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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