{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:08:47Z","timestamp":1785434927250,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VICTOR BABES UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY TIMISOARA"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00afdp487","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As life expectancy for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) increases, long-term comorbidities, such as bone mineral density (BMD) loss, have emerged as significant clinical challenges. This study evaluated the prevalence and determinants of skeletal demineralization in a contemporary Romanian HIV cohort. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 PLWH (mean age 41.86 \u00b1 12.69 years) undergoing stable antiretroviral therapy. Bone health was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while body composition and metabolic status were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and serum lipid profiling. A high prevalence of reduced skeletal mass (58.3%) was observed, with 10% of the cohort diagnosed with osteoporosis at a mean age of only 45.7 years. Significant correlations were identified between osteoporosis and a history of AIDS, active smoking, and hypertriglyceridemia. Notably, women with osteoporosis exhibited significantly lower current CD4+ T-cell counts (268.4 \u00b1 180.5 cells\/\u03bcL) compared to those with normal BMD. While the body mass index was an inconsistent predictor of bone health, BIA-derived bone mass effectively identified subclinical depletion. Our findings underscore a phenotype of premature skeletal aging in PLWH, driven by an interplay of immunological history, metabolic disturbances, and lifestyle factors. Early screening via DXA and BIA, alongside aggressive management of modifiable risks, is essential for mitigating fragility fractures in this aging population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27094079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:12:09Z","timestamp":1777857129000},"page":"4079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Premature Skeletal Aging and Immunological Recovery in Romanian PLWH: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Gender-Specific and Metabolic Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ioana-Melinda","family":"Luput-Andrica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelina-Raluca","family":"Marinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6567-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talida-Georgiana","family":"Cut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Ethics in Human Genetic Identification, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Herlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Laza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andra-Elena","family":"Saizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea-Cristina","family":"Floruncut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narcisa","family":"Nicolescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2136-5493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romanita","family":"Jumanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Romanian and Foreign Languages Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela-Ica","family":"Rosoha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Voichita Elena","family":"Lazureanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00448-5","article-title":"Global Burden and Trends of Sexually Transmitted Infections from 1990 to 2019: An Observational Trend Study","volume":"22","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, April 23). Global HIV & AIDS Statistics\u2014Fact Sheet, Available online: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO (2026, March 19). HIV\u2014Number of People Dying from HIV-Related Causes. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/indicator-metadata-registry\/imr-details\/2922."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2026, January 14). HIV Data and Statistics. 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