{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:31:47Z","timestamp":1785407507325,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008781","name":"Pomeranian Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01v1rak05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The endocannabinoid system is a complex regulatory network whose functioning is associated with maintaining homeostasis and regulating immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between endocannabinoid system activity, inflammation, and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The study included 105 participants: 60 individuals with ADPKD and 45 healthy volunteers. From a single venous blood draw, concentrations of anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured in EDTA plasma. Basic laboratory parameters were also assessed, including complete blood count, iron metabolism indices, electrolyte panel, and azotemia parameters. There were statistically significant differences in the concentrations of both endocannabinoids, with higher mean values observed in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in the ADPKD group compared with controls (p &lt; 0.001). Although TNF-\u03b1 concentrations were higher in the ADPKD group than in the control group, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Statistically significant correlations were also identified between inflammatory markers, endocannabinoid concentrations, and indices of renal function. Patients with ADPKD exhibit an altered endocannabinoid profile characterized by reduced AEA and 2-AG concentrations, which correlates with disease progression and poorer kidney function. The endocannabinoid system may modulate inflammation in ADPKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27094087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:12:09Z","timestamp":1777857129000},"page":"4087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endocannabinoid System-Related Inflammation and Progression of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Paulina","family":"Simankowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-1013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Do\u0142\u0119gowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1920-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Marchelek-My\u015bliwiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3198-2026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Do\u0142\u0119gowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0801-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"St\u0119pniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simankowicz, P., and St\u0119pniewska, J. 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