{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:46:29Z","timestamp":1785415589654,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009752","name":"Futurum - Akademin f\u00f6r H\u00e4lsa och V\u00e5rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FUTURUM-1012326, FUTURUM-996859, and FUTURUM-1006909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FUTURUM-1012326, FUTURUM-996859, and FUTURUM-1006909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["FUTURUM-1012326, FUTURUM-996859, and FUTURUM-1006909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FUTURUM-1012326, FUTURUM-996859, and FUTURUM-1006909"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046p5eg67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Psoriasis Association","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease driven by genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, including microbial exposure. While HLA-C-linked variants represent the strongest genetic risk factors, their relationship with the cutaneous microbiome remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate host\u2013microbiome interactions in psoriasis through integrative multi-omics analysis. Skin microbiome profiling using 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted genotyping of psoriasis-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed in lesional and non-lesional skin from patients with plaque psoriasis and in healthy controls. Integrated analysis was conducted using supervised multivariate modeling (DIABLO) to identify coordinated genetic and microbial features associated with disease status. Combined genetic and microbial signatures differentiated lesional, non-lesional, and healthy skin. Variants within the HLA-C susceptibility region, including rs12191877, rs10484554, and rs4406273, showed contributions to group separation and demonstrated positive associations with Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Associations involving ERAP1 variants linked antigen-processing pathways with inflammation-associated microbial taxa in lesional skin. Importantly, genotype\u2013microbiome correlations were also detected in clinically non-lesional skin, where an increased psoriasis risk allele dosage co-varied with a higher relative abundance of P. anaerobius and Aerococcus urinae. In contrast, commensal-associated taxa were enriched in healthy controls and formed genotype-linked clusters only in non-lesional skin. These findings suggest that psoriasis is characterized by coordinated host genetic and microbial interaction patterns centered on antigen presentation pathways. The presence of a genotype\u2013microbiome coupling in non-lesional skin may indicate that genetically determined immune configurations could shape microbial community structure prior to visible lesion development. Rather than reflecting uniform dysbiosis, psoriasis may represent a dynamic host\u2013microbe ecosystem in which genetic susceptibility influences microbial persistence and inflammatory readiness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27094116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T07:57:29Z","timestamp":1777967849000},"page":"4116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Host Genetics and Skin Microbiome Profiling Suggest an HLA-C\u2013Peptostreptococcus Axis in Psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2045-7142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Seifert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, S-581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County, S-551 85 J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2311-2414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malin","family":"Assarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, S-581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County, S-551 85 J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9751-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lokeshwaran","family":"Manoharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), SciLifeLab, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, S-223 81 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7505-7210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"S\u00f6derman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County, S-551 85 J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804595","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"361","author":"Nestle","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.06.021","article-title":"Comorbidities in patients with psoriasis","volume":"122","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.11.001","article-title":"Psoriasis as a systemic disease","volume":"32","author":"Grozdev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.08.015","article-title":"Triggering psoriasis: The role of infections and medications","volume":"25","author":"Fry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13806","article-title":"Critical role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis","volume":"44","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.005","article-title":"The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Gevers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9631435","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9631435","article-title":"Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"2017","author":"Sohail","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3914","article-title":"The oral and gut microbiomes are perturbed in rheumatoid arthritis and partly normalized after treatment","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12322","article-title":"Is chronic plaque psoriasis triggered by microbiota in the skin?","volume":"169","author":"Fry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0533-1","article-title":"Alteration of the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis and potential role in Th17 polarization","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3109\/rhe1.1955.1.issue-1-4.15","article-title":"The significance of infections in the origination of psoriasis","volume":"1","author":"Norrlind","year":"1955","journal-title":"Acta Rheumatol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041320","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"352","author":"Schon","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"282","article-title":"A study of the incidence of haemolytic streptococci in the throat in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, with reference to their role in the pathogenesis of this disease","volume":"140","author":"Tervaert","year":"1970","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1964.01590270036008","article-title":"Acute guttate psoriasis and streptococcal infection","volume":"89","author":"Whyte","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.02.008","article-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes-induced cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive T cell-dependent epidermal cell activation triggers TH17 responses in patients with guttate psoriasis","volume":"138","author":"Ferran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7104","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.11.7104","article-title":"Identical TCR beta-chain rearrangements in streptococcal angina and skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"176","author":"Diluvio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00104-12","article-title":"Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen exotoxins","volume":"26","author":"Spaulding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"Cd011571","article-title":"Antistreptococcal interventions for guttate and chronic plaque psoriasis","volume":"3","author":"Dupire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Z., Tseng, C.H., Strober, B.E., Pei, Z., and Blaser, M.J. (2008). Substantial alterations of the cutaneous bacterial biota in psoriatic lesions. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002719"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-1-31","article-title":"Community differentiation of the cutaneous microbiota in psoriasis","volume":"1","author":"Alekseyenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-017-0022-5","article-title":"Unexplored diversity and strain-level structure of the skin microbiome associated with psoriasis","volume":"3","author":"Tett","year":"2017","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223389","article-title":"Alterations in the cutaneous microbiome of patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis reveal similarities between non-lesional and lesional skin","volume":"82","author":"Badri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2859","article-title":"Significant Changes in the Skin Microbiome in Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis after Treatment with Narrowband Ultraviolet B","volume":"98","author":"Assarsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm.-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00273","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3619","article-title":"Significant Differences in the Bacterial Microbiome of the Pharynx and Skin in Patients with Psoriasis Compared with Healthy Controls","volume":"100","author":"Assarsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm.-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo, Y.R., Cho, D.H., and Park, H.J. (2017). Molecular Mechanisms and Management of a Cutaneous Inflammatory Disorder: Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122684"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.693","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis identifies three psoriasis susceptibility loci","volume":"42","author":"Stuart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2467","article-title":"Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity","volume":"44","author":"Tsoi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.311","article-title":"Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-kappaB pathways","volume":"41","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, M., Yip, L., Wang, F., Marty, S.E., and Fathman, C.G. (2025). Autoimmune disease: Genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation. Where can we develop therapies?. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1626082"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, B.J., Sun, L.D., Soltani-Arabshahi, R., Bowcock, A.M., Nair, R.P., Stuart, P., Elder, J.T., Schrodi, S.J., Begovich, A.B., and Abecasis, G.R. (2009). Multiple Loci within the major histocompatibility complex confer risk of psoriasis. PLoS Genet., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000606"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Helms, C., Liao, W., Zaba, L.C., Duan, S., Gardner, J., Wise, C., Miner, A., Malloy, M.J., and Pullinger, C.R. (2008). A genome-wide association study of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis identifies new disease loci. PLoS Genet., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000041"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.517","article-title":"A single SNP surrogate for genotyping HLA-C*06:02 in diverse populations","volume":"135","author":"Stuart","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15382","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15382","article-title":"Large scale meta-analysis characterizes genetic architecture for common psoriasis associated variants","volume":"8","author":"Tsoi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2011.03422.x","article-title":"HLA-C as a mediator of natural killer and T-cell activation: Spectator or key player?","volume":"133","author":"Blais","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00304-18","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00304-18","article-title":"The Psoriasis Risk Allele HLA-C*06:02 Shows Evidence of Association with Chronic or Recurrent Streptococcal Tonsillitis","volume":"86","author":"Haapasalo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00585-1","article-title":"HLA-Cw1 and Psoriasis","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9710376","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9710376","article-title":"Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System: Genetics and Association with Bacterial and Viral Infections","volume":"2022","author":"Medhasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prinz, J.C. (2018). Human Leukocyte Antigen-Class I Alleles and the Autoreactive T Cell Response in Psoriasis Pathogenesis. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00954"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6621","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptide LL37 is a T-cell autoantigen in psoriasis","volume":"5","author":"Lande","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 along with peptidoglycan drive monocyte polarization toward CD14highCD16+ subset and may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis guttata","volume":"7","author":"Qian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0541-3","article-title":"Peptostreptococcus anaerobius promotes colorectal carcinogenesis and modulates tumour immunity","volume":"4","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435391","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2024.2435391","article-title":"Peptostreptococcus Anaerobius enhances dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by promoting nf-kappaB-NLRP3-Dependent macrophage pyroptosis","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2010.485576","article-title":"Aerococcus urinae and rothiaoccus sanguinicola, two frequently misidentified uropathogens","volume":"42","author":"Cattoir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00406-3","article-title":"Nitrate and a nitrate-reducing Rothia aeria strain as potential prebiotic or synbiotic treatments for periodontitis","volume":"9","author":"Mazurel","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn091","article-title":"Identification of ZNF313\/RNF114 as a novel psoriasis susceptibility gene","volume":"17","author":"Capon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1627","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1627","article-title":"An update on the roles of transcription factor Ets1 in autoimmune diseases","volume":"15","year":"2023","journal-title":"WIREs Mech. Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020891118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2020891118","article-title":"Tsc1 regulates tight junction independent of mTORC1","volume":"118","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2010). Genetic Analysis of Psoriasis Consortium; The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2. A genome-wide association study identifies new psoriasis susceptibility loci and an interaction between HLA-C and ERAP1. Nat. Genet., 42, 985\u2013990.","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.694"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2025.111338","article-title":"Exploring associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ERAP1 and ERAP2 with susceptibility to multiple immune-mediated inflammatory diseases","volume":"86","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06842-z","article-title":"NOS2-derived low levels of NO drive psoriasis pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Kohler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8141","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617460113","article-title":"Identifying species of symbiont bacteria from the human gut that, alone, can induce intestinal Th17 cells in mice","volume":"113","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishimoto, T., Arakawa, Y., Vural, S., Stohr, J., Vollmer, S., Galinski, A., Siewert, K., Ruhl, G., Poluektov, Y., and Delcommenne, M. (2024). Multiple environmental antigens may trigger autoimmunity in psoriasis through T-cell receptor polyspecificity. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1374581"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74513-2","article-title":"Mild atopic dermatitis is characterized by increase in non-staphylococcus pathobionts and loss of specific species","volume":"14","author":"Delanghe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171700","article-title":"Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome","volume":"324","author":"Grice","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.689","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies a psoriasis susceptibility locus at TRAF3IP2","volume":"42","author":"Ellinghaus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2016-103867","article-title":"Phenome-wide association study maps new diseases to the human major histocompatibility complex region","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3066","article-title":"Candidate gene polymorphisms and risk of psoriasis: A pilot study","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2015.06.011","article-title":"Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms IL17RA rs4819554 and IL17E rs79877597 and Psoriasis in a Spanish cohort","volume":"80","author":"Batalla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22345","article-title":"A framework for pathway knowledge driven prioritization in genome-wide association studies","volume":"44","author":"Biswas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1086\/511051","article-title":"A large-scale genetic association study confirms IL12B and leads to the identification of IL23R as psoriasis-risk genes","volume":"80","author":"Cargill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00840.x","article-title":"Common polymorphisms in the interleukin-22 gene are not associated with chronic plaque psoriasis","volume":"18","author":"Weger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Straub, D., Blackwell, N., Langarica-Fuentes, A., Peltzer, A., Nahnsen, S., and Kleindienst, S. (2020). Interpretations of Environmental Microbial Community Studies Are Biased by the Selected 16S rRNA (Gene) Amplicon Sequencing Pipeline. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.550420"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: Improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01312-x","article-title":"Algorithm for post-clustering curation of DNA amplicon data yields reliable biodiversity estimates","volume":"8","author":"Froslev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2584","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2584","article-title":"VSEARCH: A versatile open source tool for metagenomics","volume":"4","author":"Rognes","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rohart, F., Gautier, B., Singh, A., and Le Cao, K.A. (2017). mixOmics: An R package for \u2018omics feature selection and multiple data integration. PLoS Comput. Biol., 13.","DOI":"10.1101\/108597"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"1","article-title":"FactoMineR: An R Package for Multivariate Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Josse","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty1054","article-title":"DIABLO: An integrative approach for identifying key molecular drivers from multi-omics assays","volume":"35","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/9\/4116\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T04:41:58Z","timestamp":1778560918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/9\/4116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27094116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27094116","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]}}}