{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:22:58Z","timestamp":1785435778399,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Science4Business \u2013 Science for Business, task no. 1 \u2013 Development Incubator. External 806 number: MNiSW\/2025\/DPI\/266, internal WAT number: 502-000095-O500-42."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Science4Business \u2013 Science for Business, task no. 1 \u2013 Development Incubator. External 806 number: MNiSW\/2025\/DPI\/266, internal WAT number: 502-000095-O500-42."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Science4Business \u2013 Science for Business, task no. 1 \u2013 Development Incubator. External 806 number: MNiSW\/2025\/DPI\/266, internal WAT number: 502-000095-O500-42."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Science4Business \u2013 Science for Business, task no. 1 \u2013 Development Incubator. External 806 number: MNiSW\/2025\/DPI\/266, internal WAT number: 502-000095-O500-42."]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dwvd537","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive malignancy, characterized by rapid progression, early metastasis, and resistance to conventional therapies. Increasing evidence indicates that the behavior of residual tumor cells is strongly influenced by physicochemical properties of their microenvironment. Surface engineering strategies using nanostructured materials may therefore represent a complementary approach to modulating cancer cell activity. In this study, we investigated whether a graphene oxide (GO) aerosol nanofilm modifies the biological behavior of PDAC cells in vitro. The GO aerosol (4.5 g\/L) was characterized using STEM, DLS, zeta potential measurements, LIBS, EDX, and FTIR spectroscopy. Ultrastructural analysis revealed thin, wrinkled GO sheets forming partially overlapping lamellar structures, while physicochemical characterization confirmed a highly oxidized stable nanomaterial. Human PDAC cell lines (BxPC-3 and AsPC-1) were cultured on GO-modified substrates to assess morphology (SEM), metabolic activity (XTT assay), migratory capacity (wound healing assay over 72 h), and expression of genes related to proliferation and epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT) by RT-qPCR. GO nanofilm significantly reduced cell viability and inhibited migration in both cell lines. SEM analysis demonstrated shortened cytoplasmic projections and altered membrane integrity. Gene expression profiling revealed cell line-dependent transcriptional responses, including modulation of components of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway and EMT-associated markers. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that GO aerosol nanofilm alters PDAC cell morphology, viability, and migratory behavior in vitro. Surface-mediated modulation of tumor cell activity may represent a promising adjunct strategy for limiting residual cancer cell survival and metastatic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27104341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T16:26:37Z","timestamp":1778689597000},"page":"4341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aerosol-Derived Graphene Oxide Nanofilm Suppresses Adhesion-Dependent Survival and Migration in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ciecho\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3623-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Wierzbicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0960-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Nasi\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Warsaw Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0968-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"W\u00f3jcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2727-9833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Skrzeczanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Warsaw Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7059-7875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Kutwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma","volume":"115","author":"Vareedayah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mo. 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