{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:42:26Z","timestamp":1789051346013,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":333,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global rise in cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders has intensified the search for safe and accessible strategies to support brain health. In recent years, nutraceuticals have gained considerable attention as potential modulators of neurological function due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired neurovascular integrity play central roles in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer\u2019s, Parkinson\u2019s disease and autism spectrum disorder, among others. This narrative review provides an integrated overview of selected nutraceuticals with potential relevance to brain-related disorders, including biotin, folinic acid, flavonoids (apigenin, diosmin, luteolin, naringin, pycnogenol, and quercetin), huperzine A, Lion\u2019s mane, olive oil polyphenols, oleuropein and palmitoylethanolamide. Rather than presenting a purely descriptive summary, we considered both mechanistic and clinical evidence, highlighting differences in the strength, consistency, and quality of available data across compounds. Among the reviewed compounds, huperzine A, specific flavonoids\u2014particularly luteolin\u2014and olive oil polyphenols demonstrated relatively stronger and more consistent support across experimental models and emerging clinical studies, mainly through modulation of cholinergic signaling, neuroinflammatory pathways, and oxidative stress responses. In contrast, evidence for other agents remains limited, heterogeneous, or primarily at the preclinical level. Overall, this review aims to provide a clearer and more structured synthesis of the current literature on neuronutrition, identifying compounds with the most promising profiles while outlining key limitations and research gaps that need to be addressed to better define their role in brain health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27104343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T16:26:37Z","timestamp":1778689597000},"page":"4343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Natural Molecules for Brain Health and Resilience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6532-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Venetsanaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7864-5349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni C.","family":"Pardali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41223 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-8691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Cholevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4167-6595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria G.","family":"Grammatikopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41223 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5005-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios G.","family":"Goulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1598-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theoharis C.","family":"Theoharides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, FL 33759, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3683","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3683","article-title":"What Is Brain Health and Why Is It Important?","volume":"371","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Lancet Global Health (2024). 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