{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:13:35Z","timestamp":1778778815982,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Funds","award":["HIM\/2021\/049 SSA 1734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIM\/2021\/049 SSA 1734"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exposes the fetus to chronic hyperglycemia, promoting early cardiac remodeling and increasing the risk of diabetic cardiomyopathy later in life. Epigenetic regulators such as p53 tumor suppressor gene (p53), microRNA-34a (miR-34a), and the sirtuins 1 and 7 (SIRT1\/SIRT7) may contribute to this programming process; however, their temporal dynamics during postnatal cardiac development remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize structural and molecular alterations in the hearts of offspring exposed to GDM and to determine the involvement of the p53\u2013miR-34a\u2013SIRT1\/SIRT7 axis in early cardiac remodeling. Cardiac morphometry was assessed at birth (newborn [NB]) and at 8, 15, 25, and 35 days. Left ventricles were examined through hematoxylin\/eosin staining. SIRT1, SIRT7, Bcl-2, and Bax were evaluated by immunofluorescence, while p53 and miR-34a were evaluated by RT-PCR. Molecular interactions were integrated using IPA software, version 159584291. Offspring exposed to GDM exhibited a reduced cardiac area and ventricular lumen, along with increased left ventricular wall thickness and fibrosis during early postnatal stages. The cardiomyocyte area was elevated at all ages. The level of miR-34a increased early, preceding p53 upregulation. SIRT1 presences decreased from NB to 35 days, whereas SIRT7 expression remained consistently elevated. These findings suggest that GDM induces early and sustained cardiac remodeling associated with dysregulation of the p53\u2013miR-34a\u2013SIRT1\/SIRT7 axis, a pattern that could increase susceptibility to diabetic cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27104368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:27:56Z","timestamp":1778776076000},"page":"4368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Progression of Cardiac Damage in the Offspring of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Is Regulated by the p53\/miR-34\/SIRT1\/7 Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5370-5771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guadalupe","family":"D\u00edaz-Rosas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez (HIMFG), Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1768-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"G\u00f3mez-Acu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez (HIMFG), Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5167-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Saucedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6799-7891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6249-3678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Reyes-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios Econ\u00f3micos y Sociales en Salud del Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez (HIMFG), Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5173-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Contreras-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez (HIMFG), Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8709-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Ortega-Camarillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Bioqu\u00edmica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mittal, R., Prasad, K., Lemos, J.R.N., Arevalo, G., and Hirani, K. 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