{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1785415508952,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SIP-MULTI-2026-0018-M3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP-MULTI-2026-0018-M3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["SIP-MULTI-2026-0018-M3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP-MULTI-2026-0018-M3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059sp8j34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SECIHTI","award":["962958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["962958"]}]},{"award":["962958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["962958"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity contributes to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and is diagnosed when hepatic steatosis is accompanied by at least one of the following factors: obesity or overweight, diabetes mellitus, or signs of metabolic abnormalities. MAFLD is a term that encompasses a wide range of liver disorders, ranging from simple steatosis to metabolic steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and eventually, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lipotoxicity generated by a high-fat diet causes liver inflammation, therefore, blocking inflammatory pathways is considered a promising strategy to prevent MAFLD progression. Inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Although drugs such as resmetirom and semaglutide have recently been approved for the treatment of MAFLD, there is still a need to identify complementary therapies with different mechanisms of action. In this context, the present study evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of ellagic acid through the modulation of mRNAs of proteins in the UPR-Perk pathway in a murine model fed a high-calorie diet. This study revealed that the high-calorie diet activated the UPR pathway in response to stress, increasing the expression of the Grp78, Eif2ak3, Eif2\u03b1, Ddit3, Atf4, and Nfe2l2 genes in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue. Ellagic acid modulated the pathway genes and reduced levels of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and VLDL, triglycerides, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin, and could therefore be considered a hepatoprotective agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27104491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:40:31Z","timestamp":1779115231000},"page":"4491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulation of mRNA Expression of Biomarkers in the UPR-PERK Pathway by Ellagic Acid in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3446-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane","family":"Pastrana-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aar\u00f3n","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labotratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopat\u00eda, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-0869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Miliar-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labotratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2434-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norma","family":"Paniagua-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1594-481X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Adriana","family":"Ortiz-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0822-3455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"\u00c1vila-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labotratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal J.","family":"Delgado-Macuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda Aplicada, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Cornejo-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopat\u00eda, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0351-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia","family":"Jaramillo-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"600","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Castro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. M\u00e9d. Cl\u00edn. Las Condes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.10.025","article-title":"The global NAFLD policy review and preparedness index: Are countries ready to address this silent public health challenge?","volume":"76","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"225","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in gastroenterology consultations","volume":"26","author":"Ochoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Repert. Med. Cirug\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rgmx.2024.09.006","article-title":"Transicionando de NAFLD a MAFLD y a MASLD en la poblaci\u00f3n mexicana","volume":"90","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Gastroenterol. M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pouwels, S., Sakran, N., Graham, Y., Leal, A., Pintar, T., Yang, W., Kassir, R., Singhal, R., Mahawar, K., and Ramnarain, D. (2022). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss. BMC Endocr. Disord., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-00980-1"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"86","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the work of the internist","volume":"85","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Hosp. Ju\u00e1rez M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"125","article-title":"Current treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"83","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Gastroenterol. M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, X., Huang, H., Fu, X., Chen, C., Liu, H., Wang, H., and Wu, D. (2022). The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome in liver disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073528"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.10.016","article-title":"Cocoa powder, cocoa extract and epicatechin attenuate hypercaloric diet-induced obesity through enhanced \u03b2-oxidation and energy expenditure in white adipose tissue","volume":"20","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1212-2","article-title":"Influence of resveratrol on endoplasmic reticulum stress and expression of adipokines in adipose tissues\/adipocytes induced by high-calorie diet or palmitic acid","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103781","article-title":"Downregulation of proinflammatory liver gene expression by Justicia spicigera and kaempferitrin in a murine model of obesity-induced by a high-fat diet","volume":"65","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.12.062","article-title":"Three weeks voluntary running wheel exercise increases endoplasmic reticulum stress in the brain of mice","volume":"1317","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.08.096","article-title":"Hepatic GDF15 is regulated by CHOP of the unfolded protein response and alleviates NAFLD progression in obese mice","volume":"498","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy011","article-title":"Autophagy: The Last Defense against Cellular Nutritional Stress","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2025.167695","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver fibrosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"1871","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.06.010","article-title":"Medicinal prospects of antioxidants: A review","volume":"178","author":"Neha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales, F., Vargas, D., Palma-Jim\u00e9nez, M., Rodr\u00edguez, E.J., Azofeifa, G., and Hern\u00e1ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez, O. (2025). Natural antioxidants reduce oxidative stress and the toxic effects of rna-cug(exp) in an inducible glial myotonic dystrophy type 1 cell model. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030260"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3182439613","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense","volume":"5","author":"Birben","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senavirathna, T., Shafaei, A., Lareu, R., and Balmer, L. (2024). Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Ellagic Acid for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040485"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2021.101552","article-title":"Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in rats","volume":"33","author":"Alkafafy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. King Saud. Univ.\u2014Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"21","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and inflammation linked to obesity","volume":"7","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Chil. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-75182022000100089","article-title":"Potential therapeutic effect of polyphenols obtained from pomegranate peel on hepatic steatosis","volume":"49","author":"Bustamante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Chil. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.147","article-title":"Microscopic anatomy of the liver","volume":"2","author":"Krishna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2021.0280","article-title":"Insulin resistance: From mechanisms to therapeutic strategies","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"88","article-title":"Lipoproteins: Metabolism and atherogenic lipoproteins","volume":"31","author":"Carvajal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Leg. Costa Rica"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abo-Zaid, O.A., Moawed, F.S., Ismail, E.S., and Farrag, M.A. (2023). \u0392-sitosterol attenuates high- fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by modulating lipid metabolism, inflammation and ER stress pathway. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-023-00671-0"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.06.008","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling and the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"69","author":"Lebeaupin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.04.008","article-title":"Ellagic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in liver protection","volume":"97","author":"Zazueta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00e1belov\u00e1, A., Mal\u00ednsk\u00e1, H., Markov\u00e1, I., Oliyarnyk, O., Chyl\u00edkov\u00e1, B., and \u0160eda, O. (2021). Ellagic acid affects metabolic and transcriptomic profiles and attenuates features of metabolic syndrome in adult male rats. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030804"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2011.04.008","article-title":"Paraoxonase-1 activity, malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the effect of atorvastatin","volume":"12","author":"Samy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arab J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"102085","article-title":"Beneficial effects of molasses extract in treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet-induced obese rats through regulation of lipid metabolism, bile acid, and oxidative stress","volume":"22","author":"Wongphukhiaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-021-00359-x","article-title":"The SREBP (Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein) pathway: A regulatory bridge between carotenogenesis and sterol biosynthesis in the carotenogenic yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous","volume":"54","author":"Baeza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13324","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16909-6","article-title":"PERK\/EIF2AK3 integrates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and autophagy responses in immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Saptarshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, D., Yang, Y., Nong, A., Tang, Z., and Li, Q.X. (2022). GRP78 Activity Moderation as a Therapeutic Treatment against Obesity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315965"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37007","article-title":"GRP78 expression inhibits insulin and ER stress\u2013induced SREBP-1c activation and reduces hepatic steatosis in mice","volume":"119","author":"Kammoun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24368","article-title":"Liver-specific loss of glucose-regulated protein 78 perturbs the unfolded protein response and exacerbates a spectrum of liver diseases in mice","volume":"54","author":"Ji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06515-x","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response: Emerging regulators in progression of traumatic brain injury","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03264-5","article-title":"Phosphorylation of eIF2a signaling pathway attenuates obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an ER stress and autophagy-dependent manner","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170092","article-title":"ER homeostasis and autophagy","volume":"61","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"113","article-title":"Autophagy in the CNS and Periphery Coordinate Lipophagy and Lipolysis in the Brown Adipose Tissue and Liver","volume":"23","author":"Sahu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7543973","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7543973","article-title":"Sirt1 inhibits oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"2017","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358945","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/358945","article-title":"A comparative study for the evaluation of two doses of ellagic acid on hepatic drug metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in the rat","volume":"2013","author":"Celik","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21844","article-title":"The effect of ellagic acid on the metabolic syndrome: A review article","volume":"9","author":"Naraki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20226","article-title":"Modulatory potential of ellagic acid, a natural plant polyphenol on altered lipid profile and lipid peroxidation status during alcohol-induced toxicity: A pathohistological study","volume":"22","author":"Devipriya","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.03.100","article-title":"Ellagic acid improves hepatic steatosis and serum lipid composition through reduction of serum resistin levels and transcriptional activation of hepatic ppara in obese, diabetic KK-Ay mice","volume":"434","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.12.105","article-title":"Kaempferol protects mice from d-GalN\/LPS-induced acute liver failure by regulating the ER stress-Grp78-CHOP signaling pathway","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cisneros-Zevallos, L., Bang, W.Y., and Delgadillo-Puga, C. (2020). Ellagic acid and urolithins A and B differentially regulate fat accumulation and inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes while not affecting adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062086"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2021.1990969","article-title":"Ellagic acid protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by activating AMPK","volume":"60","author":"ALTamimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120751","article-title":"Ellagic acid ameliorates high fructose-induced hyperuricemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver in Wistar rats: Focusing on the role of C1q\/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 and ATP citrate lyase","volume":"305","author":"Elseweidy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.105582","article-title":"Ameliorative potential of ellagic acid via PPAR\u03b3 against hyperlipidemia: Insights from mice and zebrafish","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4694","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4694","article-title":"Ellagic acid modulates necroptosis, autophagy, inflammations, and stress to ameliorate nonalcoholic liver fatty disease in a rat model","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mighani, S., Samimi, R., Nooshabadi, M.R., Farzam, S.A., Haghighian, H.K., and Javadi, M. (2025). A randomized double-blind clinical trial investigating the effects of ellagic acid on glycemic status, liver enzymes, and oxidative stress in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-04759-4"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quek, A., Mohd Zaini, H., Kassim, N.K., Sulaiman, F., Rukayadi, Y., Ismail, A., Zainal Abidin, Z., and Awang, K. (2021). Oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and antibacterial properties of Melicope glabra bark extracts and isolated compounds. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251534"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Valderrama D\u00edaz, J.A. (2025, July 10). Determination of Catalase CAT and Superoxide Dismutase SOD Activity in Brycon Amazonicus Yam Embryos Stored at \u221214 \u00b0C. Available online: https:\/\/ciencia.lasalle.edu.co\/items\/89e8f0c8-5233-4b94-8a86-30cbe4a0878c."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-024-01250-x","article-title":"Rapid and effective protocol to measure glutathione peroxidase activity","volume":"48","author":"Sattar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bull. Natl. Res. Cent."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Liu, X., Wang, C., Yu, S., Yang, X., Cao, X., Luo, M., Liu, S., and Zhang, C. (2025). Natural active botanical metabolites: Targeting AMPK signaling pathway to treat metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1611400"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.034","article-title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Inflammatory Basis of Metabolic Disease","volume":"140","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.11.005","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease","volume":"54","author":"Malhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wojtunik-Kulesza, K., Nizi\u0144ski, P., Krajewska, A., Oniszczuk, T., Combrzy\u0144ski, M., and Oniszczuk, A. (2025). Therapeutic Potential of Ellagic Acid in Liver Diseases. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30122596"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., Huang, R., Wang, N., Deng, Y., Tan, B., Yin, Y., Qi, M., and Wang, J. (2022). Ellagic Acid Alleviates Oxidative Stress by Mediating Nrf2 Signaling Pathways and Protects against Paraquat-Induced Intestinal Injury in Piglets. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020252"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s40","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.58.1s.4","article-title":"Insight into the Regulation of Nrf2\/Keap 1 Pathway by Flavonoids as an Approach for Treatment of Liver Diseases: A Review","volume":"58","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/10\/4491\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:24:30Z","timestamp":1779164670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/10\/4491"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27104491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27104491","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]}}}