{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:25:49Z","timestamp":1788474349935,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000qzf213","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for alternative agents to treat drug-resistant infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising therapeutic candidates due to their broad-spectrum activity, diverse mechanisms of action, relatively low risk of resistance development, and potential for use in combination therapies. This review outlines current knowledge on the properties and mechanisms of action of AMPs compared to conventional antibiotics. Furthermore, it discusses synergistic interactions between antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics, focusing on the underlying mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and translational challenges. It also summarizes key in vitro and in vivo studies, demonstrating enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of AMP\u2013antibiotic combinations, including mechanisms such as increased membrane permeability, disruption of intracellular pathways, inhibition of biofilm formation, and efflux pump inhibition. The immunomodulatory and wound-healing properties of AMPs are also highlighted as factors that further strengthen their therapeutic potential in vivo. The review concludes with an overview of the main limitations hindering clinical translation and highlights ongoing research efforts aimed at optimizing AMP-based combination therapies against multidrug-resistant pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27104553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:53:10Z","timestamp":1779191590000},"page":"4553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synergistic Action of Antimicrobial Peptides and Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alicja","family":"Matyjewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. 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Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Krakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2838-462X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Paczosa-Bator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6059-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Skalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baran, A., Kwiatkowska, A., and Potocki, L. (2023). Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance\u2014A Short Story of an Endless Arms Race. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065777"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.09.025","article-title":"Antibiotics in Late Clinical Development","volume":"133","author":"Fernandes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. 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