{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:36:40Z","timestamp":1785411400000,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["226720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["220726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220726"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tmp8f25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["226720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226720"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tmp8f25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ameloblastoma is a common benign odontogenic tumor. Its etiology has been associated with dysregulation of the MAPK and SHH pathways, and new theories suggest that tumor stem cells (TSCs) and the epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT) are participants in their pathogenesis. Objective: To determine the immunohistochemical expression of SOX2 and CD44 as indicators of TSCs and the gene expression of vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and FGFR1 as indicators of the EMT in conventional, unicystic, and peripheral ameloblastoma. Materials and Methods: Conventional, unicystic, and peripheral ameloblastomas and dental follicles, as a control group, were analyzed by peroxidase immunohistochemistry assays for SOX2 and CD44 as TSC-related markers, and the EMT relationship was determined by RT-qPCR expression for vimentin (VIM), alpha smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), and GAPDH as a control. Results: The most affected anatomical site was the mandible, with an average age of 38.03 (\u00b120.95) years. SOX2 and CD44 immunoexpression were significantly higher in conventional ameloblastoma. RT-qPCR results showed predominant non-significant expression of VIM, ACTA2, and FGFR1 in unicystic ameloblastoma compared to other ameloblastoma types. Conclusion: The significantly higher immunoexpression of SOX2 and CD44 in conventional subtypes could suggest a greater presence of TSCs, and predominant VIM, ACTA2, and FGFR1 gene expression in unicystic ameloblastoma could suggest the possibility of EMT processes related to cystic formation. More research on TSCs and the EMT is necessary to elucidate this finding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27104645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T13:53:24Z","timestamp":1779371604000},"page":"4645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory Expression Analysis of Stem Cell and Epithelial\u2013Mesenchymal Transition Markers in Ameloblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Luis Alberto","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Marcial","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate and Research Division, Dentistry School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7574-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9 Orlando","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Jarqu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Division, Cellular Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco German","family":"Villanueva-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, ENES-Leon, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4924-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Portilla-Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate and Research Division, Dentistry School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Monserrat","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate and Research Division, Dentistry School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Alonso","family":"Trejo-Remigio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate and Research Division, Dentistry School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Patricia","family":"Mej\u00eda-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate and Research Division, Dentistry School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6094-958X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Pablo","family":"Cruz-Hervert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate and Research Division, Dentistry School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0384-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"Jacinto-Alem\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate and Research Division, Dentistry School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editioral Board (2024). 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