{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:28:11Z","timestamp":1785432491356,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Center","award":["NCC2510773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCC2510773"]}]},{"award":["NCC2510773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCC2510773"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0065zqt33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blood-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers have emerged as promising liquid-biopsy analytes for monitoring treatment response and prognosis in breast cancer. This scoping review mapped the clinical evidence on blood-derived EV in breast cancer and identified key barriers to clinical translation. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for eligible studies published through November 2025. After duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text assessment, 64 clinical studies were included. Research activity increased markedly from 2020 onward, accounting for 87.5% (56\/64) of included studies. The literature was concentrated in East Asia, particularly China (51.6%, 33\/64). RNA-based biomarkers predominated (60.9%, 39\/64), especially microRNAs (39.1%, 25\/64). Prognostic outcomes were evaluated in 89.1% (57\/64) of studies, treatment response in 51.6% (33\/64), and both endpoints in 40.6% (26\/64). Triple-negative breast cancer was the most frequently studied subtype in isolation (15.6%, 10\/64). Methodological heterogeneity was substantial, and kit-based precipitation was the most common EV isolation method (57.8%, 37\/64). EV biomarkers show promise for non-invasive monitoring in breast cancer, but methodological standardization, compliance with Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles guidelines, and large prospective validation studies remain necessary before routine clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27104649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:02:27Z","timestamp":1779375747000},"page":"4649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Applications of Blood-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5345-8846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-Gyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Bin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Targeted Therapy Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Chan","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6991-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Chae","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Targeted Therapy Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0620-4058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun-Young","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Targeted Therapy Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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