{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:17:32Z","timestamp":1791224252861,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Ricerca Corrente RC2020-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente RC2020-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"European Union Next Generation EU\u2014PNRR M6C2\u2014Investimento 2.1 Valorizzazione e potenziamento della ricerca biomedica del SSN","award":["PNRR-MCNT2-2023-12378474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-MCNT2-2023-12378474"]}]},{"award":["PNRR-MCNT2-2023-12378474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-MCNT2-2023-12378474"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nicotinamide (NAM), the amide form of vitamin B3, has gained increasing attention in dermatology due to its potential role in both skin aging and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) prevention. This review summarizes the biological rationale and current clinical evidence supporting the use of NAM and other NAD+ precursors in photoaging and cutaneous carcinogenesis. Chronic ultraviolet exposure induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, immune dysregulation, and extracellular matrix remodeling, linking photoaged skin to increased susceptibility to actinic keratoses (AKs), squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs), and basal cell carcinoma (BCCs). Through the NAD+ salvage pathway, NAM contributes to the maintenance of intracellular NAD+ pools, thereby influencing energy metabolism, DNA repair, mitochondrial function, redox homeostasis, and the activity of NAD+-dependent enzymes. Preclinical studies indicate that NAM enhances DNA repair, reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling, supports autophagy and mitophagy, and improves epidermal barrier function and extracellular matrix integrity. Clinically, the strongest evidence for anti-aging effects concerns topical NAM, which consistently improves wrinkles, texture irregularities, pigmentation, and barrier function. Oral NAM has demonstrated chemopreventive activity in high-risk patients with previous NMSC, particularly by reducing the incidence of new SCCs and AKs during active treatment. However, despite a strong mechanistic rationale, current evidence remains heterogeneous, and additional long-term, skin-focused clinical trials are needed to better define efficacy, safety, optimal dosing strategies, and patient selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27114918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1780404308000},"page":"4918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Skin Cancer Prevention and Antiaging: Role of Nicotinamide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Moro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annarita Silvia Irene","family":"Panebianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4005-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Bartolocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Guardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9376-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariafrancesca","family":"Hyeraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0893-1881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Paolo Antonio","family":"Gemma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Lella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Colonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8388-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link University of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4329-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Dellambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Fania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link University of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fania, L., Didona, D., Di Pietro, F.R., Verkhovskaia, S., Morese, R., Paolino, G., Donati, M., Ricci, F., Coco, V., and Ricci, F. (2021). Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9020171"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.23736\/S0392-0488.18.06099-6","article-title":"Behavioral and demographic factors associated with occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer in organ transplant recipients","volume":"155","author":"Fania","year":"2020","journal-title":"G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fania, L., Mazzanti, C., Campione, E., Candi, E., Abeni, D., and Dellambra, E. (2019). Role of Nicotinamide in Genomic Stability and Skin Cancer Chemoprevention. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20235946"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72589","article-title":"Multifocal Epithelial Tumors and Field Cancerization: Stroma as a Primary Determinant","volume":"124","author":"Dotto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19677","article-title":"Photoprotection: Current Developments and Controversies","volume":"38","author":"Pellacani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camillo, L., Zavattaro, E., and Savoia, P. (2025). Nicotinamide: A Multifaceted Molecule in Skin Health and Beyond. Medicina, 61.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61020254"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyeraci, M., Papanikolau, E.S., Grimaldi, M., Ricci, F., Pallotta, S., and Monetta, R. (2023). Systemic Photoprotection in Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13071067"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506197","article-title":"A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention","volume":"373","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14697","article-title":"Systemic photoprotection in 2021","volume":"46","author":"Searle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1039\/c9pp00388f","article-title":"Nicotinamide for Skin Cancer Chemoprevention: Effects of Nicotinamide on Melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"19","author":"Malesu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Guardo, A., Trovato, F., Cantisani, C., Ricci, F., Di Lella, G., Moro, F., Morese, R., Panebianco, A., Nistic\u00f2, S.P., and Pellacani, G. (2025). Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biology, Immunotherapy, and Evolving Prognostic Factors. Biomedicines, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13123010"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadi4862","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi4862","article-title":"What Is Really Known about the Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation in Humans","volume":"9","author":"Damgaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-025-00067-0","article-title":"The Role of NAD+ Metabolism and Its Modulation of Mitochondria in Aging and Disease","volume":"3","author":"Yusri","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Metab. Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50754","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408388200","article-title":"The NAD Biosynthesis Pathway Mediated by Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Regulates Sir2 Activity in Mammalian Cells","volume":"279","author":"Revollo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12120.1","article-title":"NAD+ Biosynthesis, Aging, and Disease","volume":"7","author":"Imai","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6767","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27080-3","article-title":"BST1 regulates nicotinamide riboside metabolism via its glycohydrolase and base-exchange activities","volume":"12","author":"Yaku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-023-00475-y","article-title":"NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health","volume":"12","author":"Alegre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13103","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13103","article-title":"NRK1 controls nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in mammalian cells","volume":"7","author":"Ratajczak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, K.J., Chokshi, S., Joshi, T., Cummings, M., Lyons, C.E., Singleton, M.H., Catranis, E., Madiera da Silva, L., Hayat, F., and Migaud, M. (2025). NAD+ Boosting Through NRH Supplementation Enhances Treatment Efficacy in EOC In Vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041719"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00311-7","article-title":"NAD+ metabolism: Pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"5","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4985726","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4985726","article-title":"NAD+-Consuming Enzymes in Stem Cell Homeostasis","volume":"2023","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02672-w","article-title":"Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in NAD+ metabolism: Physiological and pathophysiological implications","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bursch, K.L., Goetz, C.J., and Smith, B.C. (2024). Current Trends in Sirtuin Activator and Inhibitor Development. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29051185"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30661","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25771","article-title":"SIRT1-dependent epigenetic regulation of H3 and H4 histone acetylation in human breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Judes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Chao, Y., Zhang, J., Jia, Y., Tie, J., and Hu, D. (2022). Regulation of SIRT1 and its roles in inflammation. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.831168"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50985","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306552200","article-title":"Mechanism of Nicotinamide Inhibition and Transglycosidation by Sir2 Histone\/Protein Deacetylases","volume":"278","author":"Jackson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16017","DOI":"10.1038\/npjamd.2016.17","article-title":"It Takes Two to Tango: NAD+ and Sirtuins in Aging\/Longevity Control","volume":"2","author":"Imai","year":"2016","journal-title":"npj Aging Mech. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2017.09.005","article-title":"Metabolic Control by Sirtuins and Other Enzymes That Sense NAD+, NADH, or Their Ratio","volume":"1858","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000477417","article-title":"Sirtuins in Skin and Skin Cancers","volume":"30","author":"Ndiaye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08567-x","article-title":"NAD+-dependent Sirt6 is a key regulator involved in telomere shortening of in vitro-cultured preimplantation embryos","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01257-8","article-title":"The sirtuin family in health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70314","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70314","article-title":"PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) family in health and disease","volume":"6","author":"Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.335109.119","article-title":"Interplay between Compartmentalized NAD+ Synthesis and Consumption: A Focus on the PARP Family","volume":"34","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.01.014","article-title":"The Taming of PARP1 and Its Impact on NAD+ Metabolism","volume":"38","author":"Knobloch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03234-8","article-title":"NAD+ Analog Reveals PARP-1 Substrate-Blocking Mechanism and Allosteric Communication from Catalytic Center to DNA-Binding Domains","volume":"9","author":"Langelier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopp, A.-K., Gr\u00fcter, P., and Hottiger, M.O. (2019). Regulation of Glucose Metabolism by NAD+ and ADP-Ribosylation. Cells, 8, Erratum in Cells\u00a02019, 8, 1371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8111371.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111371"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Morcillo, F.J., Cant\u00f3n-Sandoval, J., Mart\u00ednez-Navarro, F.J., Cabas, I., Mart\u00ednez-Vicente, I., Armistead, J., Hatzold, J., L\u00f3pez-Mu\u00f1oz, A., Mart\u00ednez-Mench\u00f3n, T., and Corbal\u00e1n-V\u00e9lez, R. (2021). NAMPT-derived NAD+ fuels PARP1 to promote skin inflammation through parthanatos cell death. PLoS Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001455"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.11.5.695","article-title":"Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Metabolism as an Attractive Target for Drug Discovery","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.10.027","article-title":"NAD+ salvage pathway in cancer metabolism and therapy","volume":"114","author":"Kennedy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2021.112238","article-title":"Restoring NAD+ by NAMPT Is Essential for the SIRT1\/p53-Mediated Survival of UVA- and UVB-Irradiated Epidermal Keratinocytes","volume":"221","author":"Katayoshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12405","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.304469","article-title":"Regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-dependent gene expression through promoter-directed recruitment of a nuclear NAD+ synthase","volume":"287","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konen, J.M., Fradette, J.J., and Gibbons, D.L. (2019). The Good, the Bad and the Unknown of CD38 in the Metabolic Microenvironment and Immune Cell Functionality of Solid Tumors. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010052"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.03.199","article-title":"The NADase CD38 is induced by factors secreted from senescent cells providing a potential link between senescence and age-related cellular NAD+ decline","volume":"513","author":"Chini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-00305-3","article-title":"Senescent cells promote tissue NAD+ decline during ageing via the activation of CD38+ macrophages","volume":"2","author":"Covarrubias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13193","article-title":"The Role of Senescent Cells in Ageing","volume":"509","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201797135","article-title":"Modulating NAD+ Metabolism, from Bench to Bedside","volume":"36","author":"Katsyuba","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ministrini, S., Liberale, L., Erle, H.-E., Percoco, G., Tfayli, A., Assi, A., Kapitonov, I., Greiner, I., and Camici, G.G. (2025). A liposomal formulation enhances the anti-senescence properties of nicotinamide adenine-dinucleotide (NAD+) in endothelial cells and keratinocytes. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 47.","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47090722"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt017","article-title":"Nicotinamide Enhances Repair of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced DNA Damage in Human Keratinocytes and Ex Vivo Skin","volume":"34","author":"Surjana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114655","article-title":"Orientin attenuates UVB-induced skin photodamage by inhibiting ROS generation via the AMPK\/Nrf2 axis","volume":"155","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Nicotinamide for Skin Cancer Chemoprevention","volume":"161","author":"Damian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1159\/000538445","article-title":"Efficacy of Combinational Treatment versus Nicotinamide Monotherapy in the Prevention of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Cancer","volume":"240","author":"Pihl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.10.021","article-title":"Nicotinamide Prevents UVB- and Oxidative Stress-Induced Photoaging in Human Primary Keratinocytes","volume":"142","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.10.012","article-title":"Nicotinamide Attenuates UV-Induced Stress Damage in Human Primary Keratinocytes from Cancerization Fields","volume":"142","author":"Camillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahajan, A.S., Arikatla, V.S., Thyagarajan, A., Zhelay, T., Sahu, R.P., Kemp, M.G., Spandau, D.F., and Travers, J.B. (2021). Creatine and nicotinamide prevent oxidant-induced senescence in human fibroblasts. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114102"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13248","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13248","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction in human skin: Restoration of mitochondrial integrity and metabolic output by nicotinamide (niacinamide) in primary dermal fibroblasts from older aged donors","volume":"19","author":"Oblong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, Z., Jin, Z., Wu, J., Cai, G., and Yu, X. (2023). Sirtuin family in autoimmune diseases. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1186231"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2023.112801","article-title":"Overexpression of SIRT6 Regulates NRF2\/HO-1 and NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathways to Alleviate UVA-Induced Photoaging in Skin Fibroblasts","volume":"249","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712145105","article-title":"A Role for the NAD-Dependent Deacetylase SIRT1 in the Regulation of Autophagy","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19304","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.363747","article-title":"Nicotinamide-Induced Mitophagy: Event Mediated by High NAD+\/NADH Ratio and SIRT1 Protein Activation","volume":"287","author":"Jang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDaniel, M., Lee, L.H., and Lin, S.J. (2025). NAD+ Homeostasis and Autophagy: Integrated Control through Nutrient Signaling in Yeast and Mammals. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14191495"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15691","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202415691","article-title":"Apoptotic bodies restore NAD and mitochondrial homeostasis in fibroblasts","volume":"12","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, S., Park, J., Cho, E., Kim, D., Ye, S., Jeong, E.T., Jun, S.-H., and Kang, N.-G. (2025). Distinctive gene expression profiles and biological responses of skin fibroblasts to nicotinamide mononucleotide: Implications for longevity effects on skin. Biomedicines, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13102395"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04460-w","article-title":"Small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells loaded with \u03b2-nicotinamide mononucleotide activate NAD+\/SIRT3 signaling pathway-mediated mitochondrial autophagy to delay skin aging","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Sun, Y., and Pi, C. (2022). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Rescues Cellular Senescence by NAD+\/Sirt3 Pathway in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314739"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12018","article-title":"Nicotinamide Downregulates Gene Expression of Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, and Tumour Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 in HaCaT Keratinocytes after Ultraviolet B Irradiation","volume":"38","author":"Monfrecola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.043","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside augments the aged human skeletal muscle NAD+ metabolome and induces transcriptomic and anti-inflammatory signatures","volume":"28","author":"Elhassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, S., Park, J., Cheng, Z., Ye, S., Jun, S.-H., and Kang, N.-G. (2024). Novel Approach to Skin Anti-Aging: Boosting Pharmacological Effects of Exogenous Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) by Synergistic Inhibition of CD38 Expression. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13211799"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"47","article-title":"Simulation of the Elastin and Fibrillin in Non-Irradiated or UVA-Radiated Fibroblasts, and Direct Inhibition of Elastase or Matrix Metalloproteinases Activity by Nicotinamide or Its Derivatives","volume":"69","author":"Philips","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2000.03705.x","article-title":"Nicotinamide Increases Biosynthesis of Ceramides as Well as Other Stratum Corneum Lipids to Improve the Epidermal Permeability Barrier","volume":"143","author":"Tanno","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.08.008","article-title":"The Safety and Antiaging Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Human Clinical Trials: An Update","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41S","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009673","article-title":"The Role of NAD+ in Regenerative Medicine","volume":"150","author":"Conlon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13920","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13920","article-title":"NAD Metabolism: Role in Senescence Regulation and Aging","volume":"23","author":"Chini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"e13943","article-title":"NAD+ Homeostasis in Human Health and Disease","volume":"13","author":"Wanders","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13819","article-title":"Nicotinamide for Photoprotection and Skin Cancer Chemoprevention: A Review of Efficacy and Safety","volume":"28","author":"Snaidr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12948","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12948","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans","volume":"7","author":"Trammell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00752-w","article-title":"Regulation of and Challenges in Targeting NAD+ Metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Migaud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okabe, K., Yaku, K., Uchida, Y., Fukamizu, Y., Sato, T., Sakurai, T., Tobe, K., and Nakagawa, T. (2022). Oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide is safe and efficiently increases blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in healthy subjects. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.868640"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-022-00084-z","article-title":"Chronic nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation elevates blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and alters muscle function in healthy older men","volume":"8","author":"Igarashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Aging"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe9985","article-title":"Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women","volume":"372","author":"Yoshino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ19-0313","article-title":"Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men","volume":"67","author":"Irie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac049","article-title":"MIB-626, an oral formulation of a microcrystalline unique polymorph of \u03b2-nicotinamide mononucleotide, increases circulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and its metabolome in middle-aged and older adults","volume":"78","author":"Pencina","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14442","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18272-y","article-title":"Safety Evaluation of \u03b2-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Oral Administration in Healthy Adult Men and Women","volume":"12","author":"Fukamizu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M., Seol, J., Sato, T., Fukamizu, Y., Sakurai, T., and Okura, T. (2022). Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040755"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, H. (2022). A Multicentre, Randomised, Double Blind, Parallel Design, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Uthever (NMN Supplement), an Orally Administered Supplementation in Middle Aged and Older Adults. Front. Aging, 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2022.851698"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-021-00442-4","article-title":"Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Enhances Aerobic Capacity in Amateur Runners: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study","volume":"18","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, K.M., Bao, T.T., Gao, L.M., Ru, M., Li, Y.M., and Jiang, L. (2021). The Impacts of Short-Term NMN Supplementation on Serum Metabolism, Fecal Microbiota, and Telomere Length in Pre-Aging Phase. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.756243"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tma.2021.09.001","article-title":"A single oral supplementation of nicotinamide within the daily tolerable upper level increases blood NAD+ levels in healthy subjects","volume":"5","author":"Ito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Med. Aging"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boo, Y.C. (2021). Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081315"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2004.00228.x","article-title":"Topical Niacinamide Reduces Yellowing, Wrinkling, Red Blotchiness, and Hyperpigmented Spots in Aging Facial Skin","volume":"26","author":"Bissett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2005.31732","article-title":"Niacinamide: A B Vitamin That Improves Aging Facial Skin Appearance","volume":"31","author":"Bissett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2007.00342.x","article-title":"The Clinical Anti-Aging Effects of Topical Kinetin and Niacinamide in Asians: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Split-Face Comparative Trial","volume":"6","author":"Chiu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2008.00537.x","article-title":"Evaluation of Anti-Wrinkle Effects of a Novel Cosmetic Containing Niacinamide","volume":"35","author":"Kawada","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-018-0459-1","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix Regulation of Fibroblast Function: Redefining Our Perspective on Skin Aging","volume":"12","author":"Cole","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7753","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16047753","article-title":"Biological Mechanisms Underlying the Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Formation of Skin Wrinkling and Sagging I: Reduced Skin Elasticity, Highly Associated with Enhanced Dermal Elastase Activity, Triggers Wrinkling and Sagging","volume":"16","author":"Imokawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.04.009","article-title":"Aging of the Skin Barrier","volume":"37","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00553.x","article-title":"A topical lipophilic niacin derivative increases NAD, epidermal differentiation and barrier function in photodamaged skin","volume":"16","author":"Jacobson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66624-7","article-title":"Senomorphic activity of a combination of niacinamide and hyaluronic acid: Correlation with clinical improvement of skin aging","volume":"14","author":"Bogdanowicz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09436.x","article-title":"A randomized, controlled comparative study of the wrinkle reduction benefits of a cosmetic niacinamide\/peptide\/retinyl propionate product regimen versus a prescription 0.02% tretinoin product regimen","volume":"162","author":"Fu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12237","article-title":"Randomized, Double-Blinded, Vehicle-Controlled, Split-Face Study to Evaluate the Effects of Topical Application of a Gold Silk Sericin\/Niacinamide\/Signaline Complex on Biophysical Parameters Related to Skin Ageing","volume":"37","author":"Berardesca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"863","article-title":"Efficacy and Tolerability of a Skin Brightening\/Anti-Aging Cosmeceutical Containing Retinol 0.5%, Niacinamide, Hexylresorcinol, and Resveratrol","volume":"15","author":"Farris","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13767","article-title":"Randomized Controlled Study for the Anti-Aging Effect of Human Adipocyte-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Media Combined with Niacinamide after Laser Therapy","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04834.x","article-title":"The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer","volume":"147","author":"Hakozaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2005.00309.x","article-title":"Effective inhibition of melanosome transfer to keratinocytes by lectins and niacinamide is reversible","volume":"14","author":"Greatens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"379173","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of niacinamide 4% versus hydroquinone 4% in the treatment of melasma","volume":"2011","author":"Moncada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000359974","article-title":"Niacinamide\u2014Mechanisms of Action and Its Topical Use in Dermatology","volume":"27","author":"Wohlrab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12100","article-title":"Oral and systemic photoprotection","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.459","article-title":"Oral Nicotinamide Reduces Actinic Keratoses in Phase II Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"132","author":"Surjana","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belardi, R., Pacifici, F., Cosio, T., Lambiase, S., Shumak, R.G., Artosi, F., Rivieccio, A., Cavalloro, D., Dellambra, E., and Bianchi, L. (2024). Role of Nicotinamide in the Pathogenesis of Actinic Keratosis: Implications for NAD+\/SIRT1 Pathway. Biomolecules, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14121512"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2025.3238","article-title":"Nicotinamide for Skin Cancer Chemoprevention","volume":"161","author":"Breglio","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754221078201","article-title":"Effect of Nicotinamide in Skin Cancer and Actinic Keratoses Chemoprophylaxis, and Adverse Effects Related to Nicotinamide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Mainville","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tosti, G., Pepe, F., Gnagnarella, P., Silvestri, F., Gaeta, A., and Queirolo, P. (2023). The Role of Nicotinamide as Chemo-Preventive Agent in NMSCs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010100"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203086","article-title":"Nicotinamide for skin-cancer chemoprevention in transplant recipients","volume":"388","author":"Allen","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02793-8","article-title":"A terminal metabolite of niacin promotes vascular inflammation and contributes to cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"30","author":"Ferrell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09244.x","article-title":"Topical Nicotinamide Modulates Cellular Energy Metabolism and Provides Broad-Spectrum Protection against Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Immunosuppression in Humans","volume":"161","author":"Sivapirabu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11109.x","article-title":"Nicotinamide Reduces Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Immunosuppression in Humans","volume":"167","author":"Thanos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09659.x","article-title":"Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Effect of Topical 1% Nicotinamide on Actinic Keratoses","volume":"162","author":"Moloney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493018778713","article-title":"Multisociety consensus quality improvement revised consensus statement for endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Sacks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35345-8","article-title":"A multi-phenotype analysis reveals 19 susceptibility loci for basal cell carcinoma and 15 for squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Seviiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr287","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies novel alleles associated with risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Nan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campana, I., Minaf\u00f2, Y.A., Scaglione, G.L., Giovanardi, G., Cosio, T., Lanna, C., Artosi, F., Lambiase, S., Valente, C., and Bartolocci, V. (2026). Genetic markers of tumor multiplicity in non-melanoma skin cancer: Associations of 19 SNPs in an Italian cohort. Dermatol. Ther., 1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-026-01740-y"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00313-x","article-title":"NAD+ Metabolism and Its Roles in Cellular Processes during Ageing","volume":"22","author":"Covarrubias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/11\/4918\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T04:13:26Z","timestamp":1780460006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/11\/4918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27114918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27114918","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]}}}