{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:49:52Z","timestamp":1785408592128,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052sta926","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a frequent cause of pediatric pneumonia, but the clinical relevance of respiratory coinfections remains incompletely defined. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 192 hospitalized children with multiplex RT-PCR-confirmed MP infection between April 2023 and November 2025. Patients were classified as MP monoinfection (123\/192, 64.1%), MP with viral coinfection (34\/192, 17.7%), or MP with bacterial\/mixed coinfection (35\/192, 18.2%) and children with coinfection were younger than those with MP infection alone, with median ages of 6.5 years (IQR 1\u201311) in the viral coinfection group and 5 years (IQR 1\u20137) in the bacterial\/mixed coinfection group, compared with 11 years (IQR 7\u201314) in children with MP alone (p &lt; 0.001). Respiratory failure occurred in 36% of children with MP infection alone, 65% of those with viral coinfection, and 31% of those with bacterial\/mixed coinfection. In adjusted logistic regression, viral coinfection was independently associated with higher odds of respiratory failure relative to MP infection alone (aOR 3.37, 95% CI 1.49\u20137.94; p = 0.004), whereas bacterial\/mixed coinfection was not (aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.35\u20132.03; p = 0.725). In multinomial regression, increasing age was inversely associated with both viral coinfection (RRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79\u20130.94; p &lt; 0.001) and bacterial\/mixed coinfection (RRR 0.79, 95% CI 0.72\u20130.87; p &lt; 0.001). In negative binomial regression, evidence for longer hospitalization in the viral coinfection group was weaker and imprecise (IRR 1.16, 95% CI 0.99\u20131.37; p = 0.069). Fibrinogen differed across etiologic groups, with the lowest values in bacterial\/mixed coinfection (p = 0.004). In this hospitalized pediatric cohort, MP coinfection was more frequent in younger children, and viral co-detection showed the clearest association with respiratory failure. These findings should be interpreted in the context of the retrospective design, modest subgroup sizes, and the limitations of upper-airway multiplex PCR co-detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27114925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1780404308000},"page":"4925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Coinfection Patterns of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with Other Respiratory Pathogens in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6854-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena-Roxana","family":"Matache (Vasilache)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Center in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSf. Ioan\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8327-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Gurau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Center in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSf. Ioan\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0918-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoleta-Maricica","family":"Maftei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Center in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSf. Ioan\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea Eliza","family":"Zaharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Center in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSf. Ioan\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9240-2175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Ciocoiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madalina Nicoleta","family":"Matei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Center in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSf. Ioan\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurel","family":"Nechita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Center in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSf. Ioan\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucian-Daniel","family":"Peptine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Center in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSf. Ioan\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana-Andreea","family":"Ciortea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Center in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSf. Ioan\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Tutunaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Center in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, \u201cDunarea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"Medical Laboratory Department, \u201cSf Apostol Andrei\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7423a1","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Hospitalized Children\u2014United States, 2018\u20132024","volume":"74","author":"Diaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. 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