{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:52:08Z","timestamp":1787727128943,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-24-00069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-24-00069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["25-24-00069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-24-00069"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y2gwe85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cell wall (CW) of Mucoromycota has a unique chitin\/chitosan complex, unlike chitin\/glucan complex in Ascomycota. Under cell wall stress (CWS), induced by azo dyes, ascomycetes increase the amount of CW chitin. This study analyzes the response of Mucor flavus to CWS, induced by Congo red and Calcofluor white. It was found that azo dyes significantly reduced the biomass yield and inhibited apical growth and branching but did not lead to an increase in the amount of CW chitin\/chitosan, neutral polysacchrides and cytosol osmolytes. Non-bilayer phosphatidic acids and phosphatidylethanolamines dominated in the control membrane lipids, but the proportion of bilayer phosphatidylcholines did not exceed 5%. Under CWS, the proportion of phosphatidic acids increased, while the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamines decreased and the degree of unsaturation of phospholipids increased. Storage lipids in the control were represented by mono-, di- and triacylglycerides and free fatty acids. Under CWS, the proportion of diacylglycerides increased significantly, while the proportion of triacylglycerides decreased. Thus, the CWS response of M. flavus consisted of significant changes in growth and the composition of membrane and storage lipids, but the amount of CW chitin\/chitosan and cytosol osmolytes did not increase, which is different from the response of ascomycetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27114927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1780404308000},"page":"4927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Response of Psychrotolerant Fungus Mucor flavus to Cell Wall Stress, Induced by Azo Dyes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7749-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofiya A.","family":"Saharova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7344-4126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena A.","family":"Ianutsevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga A.","family":"Danilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5893-7782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galina A.","family":"Kochkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center \u201cPushchino Centre for Biological Research,\u201d Russian Academy of Sciences, 5, pr. Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera M.","family":"Tereshina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.128264","article-title":"Regulation of Cell Wall Biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The Cell Wall Integrity Signaling Pathway","volume":"189","author":"Levin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2025.103991","article-title":"Fungal Cell Wall Biogenesis: Structural Complexity, Regulation and Inhibition","volume":"179","author":"Gow","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407677-8.00002-6","article-title":"Fungal Cell Wall Organization and Biosynthesis","volume":"Volume 81","author":"Free","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advances in Genetics"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05199-0","article-title":"Molecular Architecture of Fungal Cell Walls Revealed by Solid-State NMR","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Rubio, R., de Oliveira, H.C., Rivera, J., and Trevijano-Contador, N. (2020). The Fungal Cell Wall: Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus Species. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02993"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00796-9","article-title":"Architecture of the Dynamic Fungal Cell Wall","volume":"21","author":"Gow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lecointe, K., Cornu, M., Leroy, J., Coulon, P., and Sendid, B. (2019). Polysaccharides Cell Wall Architecture of Mucorales. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00469"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Arreguin, J.A., Ortiz-Castellanos, M.L., Robledo-Briones, A.M., Le\u00f3n-Ram\u00edrez, C.G., Mart\u00ednez-Soto, D., and Ruiz-Herrera, J. (2022). Chitosan Is Necessary for the Structure of the Cell Wall, and Full Virulence of Ustilago maydis. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080813"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1006\/fgbi.1996.0028","article-title":"Structure and Chemical Composition of the Cell Walls from the Haploid Yeast and Mycelial Forms of Ustilago maydis","volume":"20","author":"Leon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(68)90160-8","article-title":"Polyuronides in the Cell Walls of Mucor Rouxii","volume":"170","author":"Reyes","year":"1968","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(64)90363-7","article-title":"Chemistry of Spore Wall Differentiation in Mucor rouxii","volume":"108","author":"Reyes","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02046428","article-title":"Lysis of Cell Walls of Mucor ramannianus M\u00f6ller by a Streptomyces sp","volume":"34","author":"Jones","year":"1968","journal-title":"Antonie Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"490","article-title":"Composition of Cell Walls in Cunninghamella japonica Sporophores and Spores","volume":"48","author":"Tereshina","year":"1979","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikolaou, E., Agrafioti, I., Stumpf, M., Quinn, J., Stansfield, I., and Brown, A.J. (2009). Phylogenetic Diversity of Stress Signalling Pathways in Fungi. BMC Evol. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-44"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27249-0","article-title":"The Cell Wall Stress Response in Aspergillus niger Involves Increased Expression of the Glutamine: Fructose-6-Phosphate Amidotransferase-Encoding Gene (gfaA) and Increased Deposition of Chitin in the Cell Wall","volume":"150","author":"Ram","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortiz-Ram\u00edrez, J.A., Cu\u00e9llar-Cruz, M., and L\u00f3pez-Romero, E. (2022). Cell Compensatory Responses of Fungi to Damage of the Cell Wall Induced by Calcofluor White and Congo Red with Emphasis on Sporothrix Schenckii and Sporothrix Globosa. A Review. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.976924"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32935","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705856200","article-title":"Survival in the Presence of Antifungals","volume":"282","author":"Meyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.397","article-title":"Identification of Fungal Cell Wall Mutants Using Susceptibility Assays Based on Calcofluor White and Congo Red","volume":"1","author":"Ram","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00863-21","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00863-21","article-title":"Functional Genomic and Biochemical Analysis Reveals Pleiotropic Effect of Congo Red on Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"261","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Various Staining Techniques for Determination of Extra Cellular Cellulase Activity on Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) Agar Plates","volume":"3","author":"Gohel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40694-014-0005-8","article-title":"The Capacity of Aspergillus Niger to Sense and Respond to Cell Wall Stress Requires at Least Three Transcription Factors: RlmA, MsnA and CrzA","volume":"1","author":"Fiedler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fungal Biol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ianutsevich, E.A., Danilova, O.A., Saharova, S.A., and Tereshina, V.M. (2025). Membrane Lipids and Osmolytes Rearrangements Under Cell Wall Stress in Aspergillus niger. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262210888"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04827.x","article-title":"The Aspergillus niger MADS-box Transcription Factor RlmA Is Required for Cell Wall Reinforcement in Response to Cell Wall Stress","volume":"58","author":"Damveld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn, H., and Molina, M. (2023). Special Issue \u201cThe Fungal Cell Wall Integrity Pathway\u201d. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9030293"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2014.878218","article-title":"The Putative Stress Sensor Protein MtlA Is Required for Conidia Formation, Cell Wall Stress Tolerance, and Cell Wall Integrity in Aspergillus nidulans","volume":"78","author":"Futagami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13354","article-title":"Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases SakA HOG1 and MpkC Collaborate for Aspergillus fumigatus Virulence","volume":"100","author":"Hori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manfiolli, A.O., Mattos, E.C., de Assis, L.J., Silva, L.P., Ula\u015f, M., Brown, N.A., Silva-Rocha, R., Bayram, \u00d6., and Goldman, G.H. (2019). Aspergillus fumigatus High Osmolarity Glycerol Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases SakA and MpkC Physically Interact During Osmotic and Cell Wall Stresses. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00918"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026261724604706","article-title":"Cold Adaptation in a Psychrotolerant Micromycete Mucor flavus","volume":"93","author":"Danilova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2022.05.006","article-title":"pH-Dependent Effect of Congo Red on the Growth of Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus niger","volume":"127","author":"Csillag","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52759-8","article-title":"Molecular Architecture of Chitin and Chitosan-Dominated Cell Walls in Zygomycetous Fungal Pathogens by Solid-State NMR","volume":"15","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528079","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2528079","article-title":"Pathogenic Mucorales: Deciphering Their Cell Wall Polysaccharidome and Immunostimulatory Potential","volume":"16","author":"Lepas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-5975(90)90020-T","article-title":"Biosynthesis of Polyuronides in Mucor rouxii: Partial Characterization of Fucosyl Transferase","volume":"14","year":"1990","journal-title":"Exp. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2005.06.006","article-title":"Characterisation of CwpA, a Putative Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Cell Wall Mannoprotein in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger","volume":"42","author":"Damveld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12512","article-title":"Stress Response in Medically Important Mucorales","volume":"59","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2911(08)60292-1","article-title":"Polyol Metabolism in Fungi","volume":"Volume 25","author":"Rose","year":"1985","journal-title":"Advances in Microbial Physiology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01730","article-title":"Organic Osmolytes as Compatible, Metabolic and Counteracting Cytoprotectants in High Osmolarity and Other Stresses","volume":"208","author":"Yancey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.114355","article-title":"Co-Evolution of Proteins and Solutions: Protein Adaptation versus Cytoprotective Micromolecules and Their Roles in Marine Organisms","volume":"218","author":"Yancey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000279","article-title":"Heat Shock Response of Thermophilic Fungi: Membrane Lipids and Soluble Carbohydrates under Elevated Temperatures","volume":"162","author":"Ianutsevich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-017-0940-4","article-title":"Membrane Lipids and Soluble Sugars Dynamics of the Alkaliphilic Fungus Sodiomyces tronii in Response to Ambient pH","volume":"21","author":"Bondarenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ianutsevich, E.A., Danilova, O.A., Grum-Grzhimaylo, O.A., and Tereshina, V.M. (2023). The Role of Osmolytes and Membrane Lipids in the Adaptation of Acidophilic Fungi. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071733"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026261723600210","article-title":"Adaptation of The Acidophilic Fungus Sistotrema brinkmannii To The pH Factor","volume":"92","author":"Ianutsevich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026261722601373","article-title":"Membrane Lipids and Osmolytes Composition of Xerohalophilic Fungus Aspergillus penicillioides during Growth on High NaCl and Glycerol Media","volume":"91","author":"Danilova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2024.101532","article-title":"Adaptation of the Psychrophilic Mucor psychrophilus (Mucorales, Mucoromycota) to Lower Temperatures and under Conditions of Heat and Osmotic Shocks","volume":"129","author":"Danilova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026261725602349","article-title":"The Role of Osmolytes and Membrane Lipids in Cold Adaptation of the Psychrophilic Ascomycete Leuconeurospora pulcherrima","volume":"94","author":"Danilova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17R","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwg047","article-title":"New Insights on Trehalose: A Multifunctional Molecule","volume":"13","author":"Elbein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10093793","article-title":"Trehalose Metabolism: From Osmoprotection to Signaling","volume":"10","author":"Iturriaga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.10.005","article-title":"Trehalose Is a Versatile and Long-Lived Chaperone for Desiccation Tolerance","volume":"24","author":"Tapia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arg\u00fcelles, J.-C., Guirao-Abad, J.P., and S\u00e1nchez-Fresneda, R. (2017). Trehalose: A Crucial Molecule in the Physiology of Fungi. Reference Module in Life Sciences, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809633-8.12084-9"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain, M., Kumar, V., Burritt, D., Fujita, M., and M\u00e4kel\u00e4, P. (2019). The Role of Proline, Glycinebetaine, and Trehalose in Stress-Responsive Gene Expression. Osmoprotectant-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27423-8"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-018-9876-x","article-title":"Trehalose: A Key Organic Osmolyte Effectively Involved in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance","volume":"38","author":"Kosar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2018.05.003","article-title":"The Phosphatidic Acid Paradox: Too Many Actions for One Molecule Class? Lessons from Plants","volume":"71","author":"Pokotylo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0854.2003.00086.x","article-title":"Modulation of Membrane Curvature by Phosphatidic Acid and Lysophosphatidic Acid","volume":"4","author":"Kooijman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04396","article-title":"Membrane Curvature and Mechanisms of Dynamic Cell Membrane Remodelling","volume":"438","author":"McMahon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13563","article-title":"Phosphatidic Acid in Membrane Rearrangements","volume":"593","author":"Zhukovsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16809","article-title":"Phosphatidic Acid: From Biophysical Properties to Diverse Functions","volume":"291","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026261711040199","article-title":"The Effect of Different Heat Influences on Composition of Membrane Lipids and Cytosol Carbohydrates in Mycelial Fungi","volume":"80","author":"Tereshina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026261716030152","article-title":"Membrane Lipids and Cytosol Carbohydrates in Aspergillus niger under Osmotic, Oxidative, and Cold Impact","volume":"85","author":"Ianutsevich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a004747","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a004747","article-title":"Lipid Polymorphisms and Membrane Shape","volume":"3","author":"Frolov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buzzini, P., and Margesin, R. (2014). Cold-Shock Response and Adaptation to near-Freezing Temperature in Cold-Adapted Yeasts. Cold-Adapted Yeasts, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39681-6"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s13225-018-0414-8","article-title":"Fungi between Extremotolerance and Opportunistic Pathogenicity on Humans","volume":"93","author":"Zajc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fungal Divers."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0480154","article-title":"Studies in Carotenogenesis. 1. General Conditions Governing \u03b2-Carotene Synthesis by the Fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus Burgeff","volume":"48","author":"Garton","year":"1951","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1134\/S002626170902009X","article-title":"Alterations in the Composition of Membrane Glycero-and Sphingolipids in the Course of Flammulina velutipes Surface Culture Development","volume":"78","author":"Kotlova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(63)90771-6","article-title":"Separation of the Lipids of Photosynthetic Tissues: Improvements in Analysis by Thin-Layer Chromatography","volume":"70","author":"Nichols","year":"1963","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1995.1141","article-title":"Accumulation of a Novel Glycolipid and a Betaine Lipid in Cells of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Grown under Phosphate Limitation","volume":"317","author":"Benning","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0075-7535(08)70544-8","article-title":"Techniques of Lipidology: Isolation, Analysis and Identification of Lipids","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Work","year":"1972","journal-title":"Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"3","article-title":"Introduction to Fungal Lipids","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Kritchevsky","year":"1974","journal-title":"Fungal Lipid Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)43098-0","article-title":"Determination of Blood Sugar","volume":"160","author":"Somogyi","year":"1945","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Whistler, R.L., and BeMiller, J.N. (1972). Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Trimethylsilyl Derivatives: Analisys of Corn Syrup. General Carbohydrate Method, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)66055-7","article-title":"Method for the Determination of Hexosamines in Tissues","volume":"204","author":"Boas","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"380","article-title":"Determination of Reducing Sugars and Carbohydrates","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Whistler","year":"1962","journal-title":"Analysis and Preparation of Sugars"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/11\/4927\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:54:56Z","timestamp":1780404896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/11\/4927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27114927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27114927","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]}}}