{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:21:56Z","timestamp":1785424916019,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas (CONAHCyT), M\u00e9xico","award":["104119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104119"]}]},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas (CONAHCyT), M\u00e9xico","award":["104109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104109"]}]},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas (CONAHCyT), M\u00e9xico","award":["362402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["362402"]}]},{"award":["104119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104119"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["104109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104109"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["362402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["362402"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive hematological malignancy whose transformed cells exhibit morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics similar to macrophages, and arises de novo or as part of a clonal \u2018evolution\u2019 of other pre-existing hematological neoplasms. This study investigates the potential use of the J774A.1 cell line (a cell line derived from murine tumor cells, commonly used in macrophage research) as a research model to study the role of polydisperse extracellular vesicles (PEVs) secreted by the HS cells, considering that bacterial infections are common in patients with cancer, including HS. The influences of bacterial components on tumor progression are still not fully understood. We stimulated the J774A.1 cell line in vitro with a fraction of E. coli, and our results show that the bacterial stimulation increases the secretion of PEVs by these cells. Comparative results of J774A.1 cells with PEVs using confocal and scanning electron microscopy with micrographic reports of HS histological slides (from several cited mammal species, including humans) suggest a possible relationship of large PEVs with marks, footprints, or traces of possible large PEVs disrupted in the HS of these reports. A subsequent proteomic analysis of these PEVs revealed a diverse subcellular origin of their components, such as proteins including: Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), Heat shock cognate 71 kDa, Apolipoprotein A-1, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1, GAPDH, Galectin, Moesin, globular Actin, and Annexin. These results highlight the importance of studying the interplay between HS, other hematological cancers, and bacterial infections to better understand the progression of this cancer, identify new therapeutic targets, and emphasize the importance of preventing bacterial infections in cancer patients. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the potential use of the stimulated J774A.1 cell line for research on HS-related PEVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27114949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1780404308000},"page":"4949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of the J774A.1 Cell Line as a Model in the In Vitro Study of Extracellular Vesicle Secretion from Histiocytic Sarcoma in Patients with Bacterial Co-Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4467-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Sierra-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"},{"name":"Health Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Carr Mex-Puebla Km 34.5 col., Zoquiapan, Mexico City 56530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6027-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Bernardo-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Carr Mex-Puebla Km 34.5 col., Zoquiapan, Mexico City 56530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8405-8159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Bayl\u00f3n-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1743-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica Ivonne","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Iglesias-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Carr Mex-Puebla Km 34.5 col., Zoquiapan, Mexico City 56530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Martha","family":"Morales-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Service, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Carr Mex-Puebla Km 34.5 col., Zoquiapan, Mexico City 56530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Carr Mex-Puebla Km 34.5 col., Zoquiapan, Mexico City 56530, Mexico"},{"name":"Hospital General de M\u00e9xico \u201cDr. Eduardo Liceaga\u201d, Eje 2A Sur (Dr. Balmis) No. 148, Cuauht\u00e9moc, Doctores, CDMX, Mexico City 06726, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Acosta","family":"Altamirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de M\u00e9xico \u201cDr. Eduardo Liceaga\u201d, Eje 2A Sur (Dr. Balmis) No. 148, Cuauht\u00e9moc, Doctores, CDMX, Mexico City 06726, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5085-814X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Talam\u00e1s-Rohana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5207-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Rosales-Encina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Sierra-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Carr Mex-Puebla Km 34.5 col., Zoquiapan, Mexico City 56530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e25814","article-title":"Histiocytic Sarcoma: Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients Treated at a Tertiary Cancer Care Center","volume":"14","author":"Sherief","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shinohara, Y., Nakayama, S., Aoki, M., and Nishio, J. (2025). Histiocytic Sarcoma: A Review and Update. Int. J. Mol. 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