{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:59:02Z","timestamp":1787626742839,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Foundation of the Russian Federation","award":["25-75-30010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-75-30010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In skeletal muscle, there are two main progenitor populations crucial for growth, maintenance, and repair: satellite cells (SCs) and interstitial cells, of which fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) are the best characterized fraction. However, data on how specific diseases or physiological conditions affect the biological properties of FAPs are limited. In this review we analyze data obtained with FAPs purified from skeletal muscle tissue from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (both human patients and mdx mice models), hindlimb functional unloading (rats), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM, human patients). Here we discuss how disuse\/disease affect FAP\u2019s properties: the adaptive metabolic remodeling; the alterations in adipogenic differentiation in vitro; the possible role of particular subpopulations of FAPs in disease development; the role of FAPs in cell-to-cell interactions during skeletal muscle degeneration and regeneration. Current research has outlined how different physiological and pathological conditions alter FAPs\u2019 behavior, highlighting FAPs as a potential target for clinical protocols aimed at treating or mitigating skeletal muscle disorders. Future studies should clarify how FAPs govern cell-to-cell interactions during skeletal muscle degeneration and regeneration, offering critical insights for therapies targeting diverse neuromuscular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27115016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1780404308000},"page":"5016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitor Cell Alterations in Skeletal Muscle: Pathological Dysfunction or Adaptive Reprogramming?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7520-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita Y.","family":"Sorokina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6163-2162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oksana A.","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9349-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna A.","family":"Kostareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3073-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata I.","family":"Dmitrieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.015","article-title":"Metabolic Flexibility in Health and Disease","volume":"25","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jcs212977","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.212977","article-title":"Distinct Metabolic States Govern Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Fates during Prenatal and Postnatal Myogenesis","volume":"131","author":"Pala","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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