{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T18:04:38Z","timestamp":1785002678142,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union-NextGenerationEU, through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria","award":["BG-RRP-2.004-0009-C02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG-RRP-2.004-0009-C02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wound (especially burn) healing, is a complex process involving cells e.g., leukocytes, macrophages, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and platelets. Additionally, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and collagen participate in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is well-known that collagen, especially type I and III, are products of fibroblasts. These cells proliferate in the final phase wound healing. The various stages of skin regeneration, i.e., processes such as hemostasis, inflammation, cells\u2019 growth, differentiation and migration, can be accelerated by certain natural, biologically active, factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a propolis-incorporated nonwoven on collagen organization and tissue architecture in a porcine burn model. Propolis, a bee-product rich in numerous diverse phenolic compounds, has been used since ancient times for the treatment of skin diseases and repairing various types of wounds. The research material consisted of tissue sections taken from burn wound beds inflicted in domestic pigs. The samples of skin sections were evaluated using routine light microscopy. Also, ultrastructural studies have been performed with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Nonwovens were made by electrospinning of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) 85:15 copolymer (PLGA) without active compound as well as containing 5 wt% and 10 wt% of propolis. Electrospining solutions were dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP). In the burn wound bed, propolis-incorporated dressings were associated with improved epithelial and dermal tissue organization and with an increased presence of organized collagen bundles (without direct assessment of collagen subtypes). These observations suggest that propolis incorporation is associated with improved collagen organization and tissue architecture at the histological level. The enhanced collagen deposition and organization observed in wounds treated with propolis-containing nonwovens indicate improved extracellular matrix remodeling and structural tissue organization in burned skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27115021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1780404308000},"page":"5021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Electrospun PLGA\u2013Propolis Scaffolds Regulate Collagen Architecture in Burn Wounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7728-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Orli\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8b Jedno\u015bci, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7387-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Olczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Radom University, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2326-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Motyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Radom University, Stasieckiego 54, 26-600 Radom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8868-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Stojko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9313-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystyna","family":"Skalicka-Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2133-7134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof Kamil","family":"Wojtanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3974-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Jasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wladyslaw Bieganski Collegium Medicum, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa (UJD), Armii Krajowej 13\/15, 42-200 Cz\u0119stochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-9508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Kasperczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedno\u015bci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8928-8300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5833-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystyna","family":"Olczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedno\u015bci, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4009-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy","family":"Stojko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrog\u00f3rska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University \u201cProf. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanow\u201d of Varna, 55 Marin Drinov Street, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9692-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoana","family":"Kiselova-Kaneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University \u201cProf. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanow\u201d of Varna, 55 Marin Drinov Street, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2307-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Komosi\u0144ska-Vassev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedno\u015bci, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-7046","article-title":"Narrative Review of the Mechanism of Natural Products and Scar Formation in Wound Repair","volume":"10","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. 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