{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:43:55Z","timestamp":1785437035296,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011851","name":"Kom op tegen Kanker","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05fsa3j22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kinderkankerfonds vzw"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020345","name":"Olivia Hendrickx Research Fund vzw","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pedAML) is a childhood malignancy with relapse rates of approximately 30%. CD68, a macrophage marker involved in phagocytosis and macrophage recruitment, may contribute to AML biology. We analyzed CD68 expression using the TARGET database and performed survival analyses, mRNA\/protein profiling, and functional assays in AML cell lines, pedAML samples, and cord blood samples. High CD68 transcript levels correlated with KMT2A-rearrangements and inversion 16. Survival analysis showed that high CD68 predicted worse event-free survival, though not independently in a multivariate analysis. Flow cytometry confirmed higher CD68 expression in 7\/8 pedAML samples compared to cord blood samples. Functionally, CD68 knockdown reduced proliferation and increased drug sensitivity, while overexpression promoted growth and resistance. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated enrichment of MAPK signaling, AP-1\u2013mediated stress response, and epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT)\/migration-associated pathways in CD68-high models. Together, these findings suggest that CD68 contributes to a pro-tumorigenic and stress-adaptive phenotype in pedAML and may represent a biologically relevant therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27115136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:18:16Z","timestamp":1780679896000},"page":"5136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Role of Macrophage Marker CD68 in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurens","family":"Van Camp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2604-0727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolien","family":"Vanhooren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5019-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Depreter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Delta General Hospital, 8800 Roeselare, Belgium"},{"name":"Department Pharmaceutical Sciences (FARM), University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2061-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattias","family":"Hofmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5487-6994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inge","family":"D\u2019Hont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0272-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Chantrain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Chr\u00e9tien (CHC), MontL\u00e9gia, 4000 Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7829-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Dedeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, H\u00f4pital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, 1020 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7114-201X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An","family":"Van Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5644-424X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Uyttebroeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8733-4027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Lammens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2449-539X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"De 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