{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:52:38Z","timestamp":1791496358200,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by consistently high mortality rates (\u226460%) despite therapeutic advances. This is attributable to diagnostic delays arising from the asymptomatic early stages and time-consuming protocols. Hence, the establishment of reliable biomarkers for the routine assessment of the oral mucosa is imperative. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), key epigenetic regulators of gene expression, represent ideal candidates given their characteristic dysregulation across different pathologies. Here, we aimed to identify novel OSCC-specific miRNAs for the saliva-based detection of OSCC from the presymptomatic stage of early invasion. Through a multistep bioinformatic workflow, four miRNAs (miR-20b-5p, miR-484, miR-185-5p and miR-181d-5p) were identified as disease-specific since they simultaneously regulated &gt;65% of a panel encompassing the 15 primarily overexpressed oncogenes in OSCC and a stage-specific panel including the six upregulated genes that genetically define the malignant stages of sequential oral carcinogenesis. The salivary expression of the identified miRNAs was studied in 31 OSCC patients and 31 healthy controls, using quantitative real-time PCR, followed by statistical analysis and an evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy. All studied miRNAs were significantly downregulated in the saliva of OSCC patients compared to controls (miR-484, p &lt; 0.001; miR-181d-5p, p &lt; 0.001; miR-185, p = 0.008; miR-20b, p = 0.026) and exhibited combinatory diagnostic performance of 95.4% (p &lt; 0.001) for OSCC detection. Their expression remained uninfluenced by lifestyle and clinicopathological parameters, including smoking\/alcohol, tumor site, grade and disease stage. The proposed 4-miRNA panel exhibits high diagnostic performance for the early, saliva-based detection of OSCC, irrespective of histopathological and lifestyle confounders, highlighting its potential as a robust non-invasive screening tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27115138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:18:16Z","timestamp":1780679896000},"page":"5138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel Disease-Specific Panel of Salivary microRNAs for the Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma from Early Invasion to Stage IV Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2561-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iphigenia","family":"Gintoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Choremion Laboratory, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Vassiliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrto","family":"Kardara Bellou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Balakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Lefantzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Papakosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1823-6102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Vlachakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Choremion Laboratory, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3098-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George P.","family":"Chrousos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Choremion Laboratory, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6695-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Yapijakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Choremion Laboratory, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13421","article-title":"Lip and Oral Cancer, Caries and Other Oral Conditions: Estimates from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study and Projections up to 2050","volume":"60","author":"Romandini","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reis, M.G., Lopes, L.C., Sanches, A.B.A.M.D.A., Guimar\u00e3es, N.S., and Martins-Chaves, R.R. (2024). Diet and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21091199"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70092","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.70092","article-title":"Assessing the 53-Year Epidemiological Trends of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in Northeastern Iran","volume":"11","author":"Saghravanian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"e36","article-title":"Epidemiological, Clinical, and Prognostic Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed and Treated in a Single Hospital in Galicia (Spain): A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up","volume":"29","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1205","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1205","article-title":"Epidemiology and Incidence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Iraqi Population over 5 Years (2014\u20132018)","volume":"6","author":"Alshami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_201_25","article-title":"A Correlation of Worst Pattern of Invasion (WPOI) and Tumor Budding (TB) with Clinicopathological Factors in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghanem, A.S., Memon, H.A., and Nagy, A.C. (2024). Evolving Trends in Oral Cancer Burden in Europe: A Systematic Review. Front. Oncol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1444326"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"85","article-title":"Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"60","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gintoni, I., Vassiliou, S., Kardara Bellou, M., Balakas, A., Lefantzis, N., Papakosta, V., Chrousos, G.P., and Yapijakis, C. (2025). Salivary MiR-34a Exhibits State-Dependent Dysregulation Across Normal Oral Mucosa, Premalignant Lesions and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genes, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16121495"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.10.029","article-title":"Epidemiology and Pathology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Multi-Ethnic Population: Retrospective Study of 154 Cases over 7 Years in Qatar","volume":"60","author":"Elaiwy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/03936155251345080","article-title":"Immunogenetic Contribution of the Fractalkine\/CX3CR1 Axis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Heboyan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Markers"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-024-00712-7","article-title":"Integrating Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Bulk RNA-Seq to Construct a Neutrophil Prognostic Model for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Response in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Genom."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00249-w","article-title":"Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: State of the Field and Emerging Directions","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02151-9","article-title":"WGCNA and Ferroptosis Genes in OSCC: Unraveling Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2025.03.005","article-title":"Chronic Oral Complications of Oral Cancer Therapy","volume":"69","author":"Richards","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv, J.-L., Ma, R., Ren, Y.-S., Liang, Q.-Y., Zhang, H.-M., Dong, G.-C., and Li, J. (2025). CircRNA: The Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1555002"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S204","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_593_25","article-title":"A Narrative Review on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Muralidharan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gintoni, I., Vassiliou, S., Chrousos, G.P., and Yapijakis, C. (2023). Review of Disease-Specific MicroRNAs by Strategically Bridging Genetics and Epigenetics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202307.0634.v1"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71266","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71266","article-title":"Roles of MiR-181 Family Members in OSCC: Implications for Therapy and Diagnostics","volume":"14","author":"Aghiorghiesei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13440","article-title":"Malignant Transformation Rate of Oral Leukoplakia in the Past 20\u2009Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"52","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461940","DOI":"10.1080\/20565623.2025.2461940","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Future Diagnostics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Batur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlb.2025.100285","article-title":"The Role of Molecular Biomarkers in the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Stratification of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"7","author":"Ravindran","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Liq. Biopsy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-014-0684-4","article-title":"Update of Molecular Pathobiology in Oral Cancer: A Review","volume":"19","author":"Sasahira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caruntu, A., Yang, S.-F., and Acero, J. (2024). New Insights for an Advanced Understanding of the Molecular Mechanisms in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25136964"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gintoni, I., Vassiliou, S., Chrousos, G.P., and Yapijakis, C. (2024). Identification of Stage-Specific MicroRNAs That Govern the Early Stages of Sequential Oral Oncogenesis by Strategically Bridging Human Genetics with Epigenetics and Utilizing an Animal Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202405.1606.v1"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-21-0047","article-title":"Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with Precursor Lesions","volume":"14","author":"McCord","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12441-9","article-title":"Malignant Transformation of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia in Southwest Finland","volume":"12","author":"Laine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Remori, V., Airoldi, M., Alberio, T., Fasano, M., and Azzi, L. (2024). Prediction of Oral Cancer Biomarkers by Salivary Proteomics Data. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011120"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebrahim, N.A.A., Soliman, S.M.A., and Farghaly, T.A. (2025). Saliva-Based Molecular Diagnostics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Non-Invasive Frontier in Oncology. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol., 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-025-09934-4"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2023.10.003","article-title":"Salivary Biomarkers for Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and Head\/Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"60","author":"Khijmatgar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2025.149382","article-title":"MiRNAs in Oral Cancer; Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles","volume":"951","author":"Arabi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golestannejad, P., Monkaresi, M., Zhian Zargaran, F., Khosravani, M., Asgari, P., Mobaraki, H., Gorjizad, M., Hasany, S., Senobari Ghezeljehmeidan, A., and Hemmati, S. (2025). Role of Cancer Associated Fibroblast (CAF) Derived MiRNAs on Head and Neck Malignancies Microenvironment: A Systematic Review. BMC Cancer, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-13965-9"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2024.155532","article-title":"Metastasis and Cell Proliferation Inhibition by MicroRNAs and Its Potential Therapeutic Applications in OSCC: A Systematic Review","volume":"262","author":"Malekjafarian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gkaf1018","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1018","article-title":"Functional MicroRNA Targeting without Seed Pairing","volume":"53","author":"Hall","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33393","article-title":"Ultrasensitive Detection of Tumor-specific Mutations in Saliva of Patients with Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"127","author":"Shanmugam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11665","article-title":"The Hamster Model of Sequential Oral Carcinogenesis: An Update","volume":"33","author":"Yapijakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2007.08.015","article-title":"The Hamster Model of Sequential Oral Oncogenesis","volume":"44","author":"Vairaktaris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_262_23","article-title":"Evaluation of USP22 and Ki-67 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study","volume":"27","author":"Apoorva","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_551_21","article-title":"Expression of Ki67 as Potential Biomarker in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: An Immunohistochemical Study","volume":"33","author":"Kamala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"e66576","article-title":"Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Marker Bcl-2 in Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity","volume":"16","author":"Choudhury","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"469","article-title":"KRAS Protein Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Marker for Progression and Prognosis","volume":"17","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1080\/08916934.2021.1953484","article-title":"MiR-20b-5p Modulates Inflammation, Apoptosis and Angiogenesis in Severe Acute Pancreatitis through Autophagy by Targeting AKT3","volume":"54","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalilian, S., Abedinlou, H., Hussen, B.M., Imani, S.Z.H., and Ghafouri-Fard, S. (2022). The Emerging Role of MiR-20b in Human Cancer and Other Disorders: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.985457"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2020.1829824","article-title":"MiR-20b-5p Functions as Tumor Suppressor MicroRNA by Targeting CyclinD1 in Colon Cancer","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02097-4","article-title":"Digestive Cancers: Mechanisms, Therapeutics and Management","volume":"10","author":"Zhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-018-4278-5","article-title":"The Clinical Significance of MiR-335, MiR-124, MiR-218 and MiR-484 Downregulation in Gastric Cancer","volume":"45","author":"Zare","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-020-00946-8","article-title":"Downregulation of MiR-484 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Tumor Progression of Gastric Cancer","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12366","article-title":"MiR-484 Suppressed Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and Induced Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer via Targeting CCL-18","volume":"101","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"220","article-title":"The Downregulation of LncRNA Pgm5-As1 Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis Via Increasing MiR-484 Expression in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"36","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Biother. Radiopharm."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.07.060","article-title":"MiR-181d-5p-FOXP1 Feedback Loop Modulates the Progression of Osteosarcoma","volume":"503","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35040-4","article-title":"The MiR-181d-5p\/SPP1 Axis Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Colorectal Cancer via the RhoA Patyway","volume":"16","author":"Hou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2024.103750","article-title":"MiR-185-5p Rewires Cisplatin Resistance by Restoring MiR-203a-3p Expression via Downregulation of SOX9","volume":"142","author":"Biswal","year":"2024","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5913","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S246092","article-title":"Lnc HAGLR Promotes Colon Cancer Progression Through Sponging MiR-185-5p and Activating CDK4 and CDK6 in Vitro and in Vivo","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2020.01.26","article-title":"LncRNA XIST Acts as a CeRNA Sponging MiR-185-5p to Modulate Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation via Targeting CCND2","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sur, D., Balacescu, L., Cainap, S.S., Visan, S., Pop, L., Burz, C., Havasi, A., Buiga, R., Cainap, C., and Irimie, A. (2021). Predictive Efficacy of MiR-125b-5p, MiR-17-5p, and MiR-185-5p in Liver Metastasis and Chemotherapy Response Among Advanced Stage Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.651380"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-020-00285-4","article-title":"MiR-185-5p Response to Usnic Acid Suppresses Proliferation and Regulating Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cell by Targeting Bcl2","volume":"53","author":"Torun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2021.104296","article-title":"MiR-185-5p Suppresses Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Inhibiting GPX1","volume":"140","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"2305","article-title":"MiR-1266-5p and MiR-185-5p Promote Cell Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines","volume":"19","author":"Ostadrahimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, Q., Yang, S., Liu, M., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Zhou, Y., Tian, Y., Wang, H., Ren, S., and Liu, Y. (2026). MiR-185 in Salivary Extracellular Vesicles for Early Diagnosis of Malignant Transformation in Oral Leukoplakia: A Clinical Study. Clin. Transl. Oncol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-025-04204-5"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/11\/5138\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T04:15:51Z","timestamp":1781064951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/11\/5138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27115138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27115138","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]}}}