{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T06:00:45Z","timestamp":1780898445792,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Bureau of Chengdu","award":["2024-KP03-00018-SN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-KP03-00018-SN"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is now recognized as a leading form of chronic liver disease globally and is strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities. Traditionally, the pathogenesis of MAFLD has mainly been attributed to genetic susceptibility and unhealthy lifestyles (such as high-calorie diets and sedentary behavior). However, in recent years, environmental factors, especially air pollution, have been confirmed as independent risk factors and important promoting factors for MAFLD development and further disease progression. This review summarizes current epidemiological findings on the link between air pollution exposure and MAFLD, while exploring its potential biological mechanisms involving systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, immune alteration, genetic risk, and epigenetic regulation underlying the relationship between air pollution and hepatic steatosis. It also reviews the additive interaction between air pollution and lifestyle or socioeconomic factors in MAFLD. Finally, we also discuss multilevel strategies spanning individual-, community-, national-, and global-level cooperation to address the increasing public health burden caused by air pollution. Therefore, incorporating the assessment and control of air pollution into the comprehensive strategies for MAFLD prevention and treatment has important scientific value and public health significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T05:43:46Z","timestamp":1780897426000},"page":"5168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Air Pollution on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1190-6667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duoduo","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7341-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heyu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6756-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingyun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2014.07.008","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Dietrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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