{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:48:14Z","timestamp":1787168894948,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Special Project of Scientific and Technological Research of the Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2024zd004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024zd004"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Project of the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["2024YFFK0171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFFK0171"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82474481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82474481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["82474481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82474481"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disorder associated with dysregulated interactions among the gut microbiota, mucosal immunity, and the intestinal barrier. Although current treatments have improved disease control, incomplete response, adverse effects, and relapse remain common. Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has gained attention as a multitarget compound with potential relevance to IBD. This narrative review summarizes evidence published up to March 2026 on the pharmacological basis, delivery optimization, clinical translation, and microbiota\u2013immune\u2013barrier axis regulation of berberine in IBD. Current evidence suggests that berberine may reshape gut microbial communities, regulate mucosal immune responses, and support epithelial barrier repair, thereby contributing to the restoration of intestinal homeostasis. Emerging formulation strategies, particularly microbiota-responsive and intestine-targeted delivery systems, may improve local exposure and strengthen its therapeutic potential. However, the current evidence is still dominated by preclinical studies. Clinical data remain limited, and the causal links among microbial remodeling, immune modulation, and barrier restoration are not yet fully defined. Future work should prioritize mechanistic validation, clinically relevant delivery design, and well-controlled clinical trials to clarify the role of berberine in personalized IBD management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T06:33:44Z","timestamp":1781073224000},"page":"5220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Berberine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Integrative Regulation of the Microbiota\u2013Immune\u2013Barrier Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8767-8768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junling","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangxiong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6217-1040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peimin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-026-02970-y","article-title":"Statistics and epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal neoplasia","volume":"31","author":"Shinagawa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. 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