{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:52:49Z","timestamp":1781517169036,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aging is associated with a rising burden of chronic metabolic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative diseases that share interconnected pathological mechanisms, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic imbalance, and immune dysregulation. Because these disorders arise from complex and overlapping biological disturbances, conventional single-target therapies often provide only limited benefit. In this context, traditional Chinese herbal medicines, characterized by multi-component and multi-target actions, are being re-evaluated using modern pharmacological and systems biology approaches. Among these, Astragalus membranaceus and Cordyceps species have attracted attention as representative tonic medicines with long-standing traditional use and growing biomedical relevance. Their principal bioactive constituents, including polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, sterols, and nucleoside derivatives such as cordycepin, exert pleiotropic effects on inflammatory signaling, redox homeostasis, mitochondrial function, metabolic regulation, and immune responses. This review summarizes current evidence on bioactive derivatives from Astragalus and Cordyceps in aging-related chronic and neurodegenerative disorders, including diabetes, cardiovascular dysfunction, osteoarthritis, cancer, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and Parkinson\u2019s disease. It focuses on mechanistic findings from cellular and animal studies and critically discusses key translational challenges, such as compositional variability, poor bioavailability, lack of standardized preparation, limited clinical validation, and safety concerns related to toxicity and herb\u2013drug interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:59:31Z","timestamp":1781146771000},"page":"5273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Astragalus and Cordyceps Derivatives in the Treatment of Aging-Related Chronic Diseases and Neurodegenerative Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kiran Reddy","family":"Kanubaddi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Liang","family":"Yaung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horng-Jyh","family":"Harn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzyy-Wen","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Xi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Wijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinn-Zong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, H., Li, P., Bian, J., Gao, Y., Sang, Y., and Tan, J. 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