{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:39:17Z","timestamp":1790948357174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017fh2655","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymerised type I collagen (polymerised collagen) and pirfenidone (PFD) reduce fibrosis. However, their use as pharmacological monotherapy for tracheal stenosis (TS) has not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of polymerised collagen or PFD, used either as monotherapy for TS, or in combination with tracheal resection (TRE) on the development of restenosis (RTS), apoptotic body (AB) formation, production of profibrotic proteins, ITG\u03b21 expression and metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in a rat model of TS. Eighty Wistar rats underwent TS. Forty received monotherapy (treatment A) with: saline solution (SS), mitomycin C (MMC), polymerised collagen, or PFD. The other forty received TRE combined with the pharmacological treatment (treatment B). They were clinically evaluated. Four weeks after treatment, AB formation, ITG\u03b21, TGF-\u03b2, profibrotic proteins, and MMPs expression were assessed in TS tissue and post-TRE tissue. Our findings showed that treatment A with polymerised collagen or PFD did not reverse TS but halted its progression, reduced the expression of profibrotic proteins, ITG\u03b21 and MMP-9, and increased AB and MMP-1. Treatment B promoted normal tracheal healing and prevented RTS. We conclude that the use of polymerised collagen or PFD as monotherapy does not reverse TS. However, they halt disease progression by modulating the production of profibrotic factors. In combination with TRE, these agents promote favourable tracheal healing and prevent RTS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:57:58Z","timestamp":1781513878000},"page":"5332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation and Comparison of Treatment with Polymerised Collagen or Pirfenidone as Stand-Alone Therapy on the Production of Profibrotic Factors in Tracheal Stenosis and Tracheal Anastomosis Scarring After Resection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"J. Ra\u00fal","family":"Olmos-Zu\u00f1iga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Lung Transplant Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Silva-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Lung Transplant Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0746-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 S.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Cancer Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Gaxiola-Gaxiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avelina","family":"Sotres-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Lung Transplant Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo Gomes-da Silva de","family":"Rosenzweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Lung Transplant Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Baltazares-Lipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Surgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lya Edith","family":"Pensado-Piedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8361-3512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fortunato","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Sotelo-Robledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Romero-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27079","article-title":"Laryngotracheal stenosis: Mechanistic review","volume":"44","author":"Carpenter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchioni, A., Tonelli, R., Andreani, A., Cappiello, G.F., Fermi, M., Trentacosti, F., Castaniere, I., Fantini, R., Tabb\u00ec, L., and Andrisani, D. (2022). Molecular mechanisms and physiological changes behind benign tracheal and subglottic stenosis in adults. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052421"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.11953","article-title":"Protective effects of different anti inflammatory drugs on tracheal stenosis following injury and potential mechanisms","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115995","article-title":"Mechanisms of fibrosis in iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis: New discoveries and novel targets","volume":"170","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10106","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2025-818","article-title":"Rate of early restenosis after tracheal resection in patients post-COVID-19 infection: A multicenter real-life study","volume":"17","author":"Mangiameli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31354","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031354","article-title":"Treatment of scarring central airway stenosis with pirfenidone: Case report","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"E178","article-title":"Prevention of tracheal stenosis with pirfenidone after tracheotomy: An experimental study","volume":"129","author":"Pata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70076","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70076","article-title":"Airway stenosis: Classification, pathogenesis, and clinical management","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3964518","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3964518","article-title":"Treatment with Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Improves Extracellular Matrix Assembly for Scarring after Tracheal Resection","volume":"2020","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"6471071","article-title":"Effects of Pirfenidone and Collagen-Polyvinylpyrrolidone on Macroscopic and Microscopic Changes, TGF-\u03b21 Expression, and Collagen Deposition in an Experimental Model of Tracheal Wound Healing","volume":"2017","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.10.001","article-title":"Profilactic role of simvastatin and mitomycin C in tracheal stenosis after tracheal damage: Study in rats","volume":"105","author":"Ekinci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200218","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0218-2020","article-title":"Post-intubation subglottic stenosis: Aetiology at the cellular and molecular level","volume":"30","author":"Dorris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-024-00345-2","article-title":"Pathological mechanisms and novel drug targets in fibrotic interstitial lung disease","volume":"44","author":"Nishioka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00329.x","article-title":"Cytokine expression is downregulated by collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone in hypertrophic scars","volume":"111","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623309353423","article-title":"Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse respiratory tract","volume":"37","author":"Renne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.134.7.694","article-title":"Acute and chronic changes in the subglottis induced by graded carbon dioxide laser injury in the rabbit airway","volume":"134","author":"Otteson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0217OC","article-title":"A Novel Antifibrotic Mechanism of Nintedanib and Pirfenidone. Inhibition of Collagen Fibril Assembly","volume":"57","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"2540540","article-title":"Stellate Cell Activation and Imbalanced Expression of TGF-\u03b21\/TGF-\u03b23 in Acute Autoimmune Liver Lesions Induced by ConA in Mice","volume":"2017","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olivares-Mart\u00ednez, E., Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez, D.F., N\u00fa\u00f1ez-\u00c1lvarez, C.A., Meza-S\u00e1nchez, D.E., Chapa, M., M\u00e9ndez-Flores, S., Priego-Ranero, \u00c1., Azamar-Llamas, D., Olvera-Prado, H., and Rivas-Redonda, K.I. (2025). Polymerized Type I Collagen Downregulates STAT-1 Phosphorylation Through Engagement with LAIR-1 in Circulating Monocytes, Avoiding Long COVID. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031018"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0328TR","article-title":"Pirfenidone: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications in Lung Disease","volume":"62","author":"Ruwanpura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(98)00058-2","article-title":"The role of apoptosis in wound healing","volume":"30","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marwitz, S., Turkowski, K., Nitschkowski, D., Weigert, A., Brandenburg, J., Reiling, N., Thomas, M., Reck, M., Dr\u00f6mann, D., and Seeger, W. (2020). The Multi-Modal Effect of the Anti-fibrotic Drug Pirfenidone on NSCLC. Front. Oncol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01550"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.01.020","article-title":"Integrins in wound healing, fibrosis and tumor stroma: High potential targets for therapeutics and drug delivery","volume":"129","author":"Schnittert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13146","article-title":"Integrin as a Molecular Target for Anti-cancer Approaches in Lung Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Aksorn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00531-5","article-title":"Organization, dynamics and mechanoregulation of integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesions","volume":"24","author":"Kanchanawong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201406-245MG","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in fibrosis and repair. Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 activation by epithelial cells and fibroblasts","volume":"12","author":"Sheppard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1139\/y03-101","article-title":"Cellular and humoral responses to collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone administered during short and long periods in humans","volume":"81","author":"Rojas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.204628","article-title":"The deubiquitylase USP10 regulates integrin \u03b21 and \u03b25 and fibrotic wound healing","volume":"130","author":"Gillespie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120257","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 activation and function in immunity","volume":"32","author":"Travis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, C.J., and Guo, Y. (2024). Mini review on collagens in normal skin and pathological scars: Current understanding and future perspective. Front. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1449597"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01485-w","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of uterine incision healing and scar formation","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"83","article-title":"TGF-\u03b23 modulates the inflammatory environment and reduces scar formation following vocal fold mucosal injury in rats","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121048","article-title":"Investigating the possible mechanisms of pirfenidone to be targeted as a promising anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-tumor, and\/or anti-SARS-CoV-2","volume":"309","author":"Antar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-021-00255-x","article-title":"Role of pirfenidone in TGF-\u03b2 pathways and other inflammatory pathways in acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection: A theoretical perspective","volume":"73","author":"Hamidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0485","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring","volume":"4","author":"Xue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15052","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.15052","article-title":"Elastin and collagen fibres in cutaneous wound healing","volume":"33","author":"Gardeazabal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.11.010","article-title":"Integrins and integrin-related proteins in cardiac fibrosis","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, Y., Zhang, M., Leng, C., Blokzijl, T., Jansen, B.H., Dijkstra, G., and Faber, K.N. (2020). Pirfenidone Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Collagen I Production of Primary Human Intestinal Fibroblasts. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030775"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"4391","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinase in wound healing","volume":"14","author":"Kandhwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2022.2081388","article-title":"Clinical, Histological, and Profibrotic Extracellular Matrix Protein Changes in a Model of Tracheal Stenosis Induced by Cervical Tracheal Autotransplantation","volume":"35","author":"Calyeca","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01400.x","article-title":"In vitro analyses of the anti-fibrotic effect of SPARC silencing in human Tenon\u2019s fibroblasts: Comparisons with mitomycin C","volume":"16","author":"Seet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez-Favila, A., Garza-Veloz, I., Hernandez-Marquez, L.D.S., Gutierrez-Vela, E.F., Flores-Morales, V., and Martinez-Fierro, M.L. (2024). Antifibrotic Drugs against Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches and Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031562"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1171-2","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 enhances the antifibrotic effects of pirfenidone by attenuating IPF lung fibroblast activation and differentiation","volume":"20","author":"Vu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.01.002","article-title":"Extracellular matrix contribution to skin wound re-epithelialization","volume":"75\u201376","author":"Rousselle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2024.16.115","article-title":"Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Transforming Growth Factor Beta and Fibroblast in The Simblefaron Due to Alkali Burn: Literature Review","volume":"16","author":"Mayangsari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. J."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentaci\u00f3n, Estados Unidos Mexicanos (1999). AF\u00cdA. Especificaciones T\u00e9cnicas para la Producci\u00f3n, Cuidado y Uso de Animales de Laboratorio de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-062ZOO-1999."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health U.S.A. (2002). Gu\u00eda Para el Cuidado y Uso de los Animales de Laboratorio, Edicion Mexicana Auspiciada por la Academia Nacional de Medicina."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/08941930701772140","article-title":"Wound healing modulators in a tracheoplasty canine model","volume":"20","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00132804","article-title":"A proposed classification system of central airway stenosis","volume":"30","author":"Freitag","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varghese, F., Bukhari, A.B., Malhotra, R., and De, A. (2014). IHC Profiler: An open source plugin for the quantitative evaluation and automated scoring of immunohistochemistry images of human tissue samples. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096801"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/12\/5332\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:04:34Z","timestamp":1781514274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/12\/5332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27125332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27125332","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]}}}