{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:48:11Z","timestamp":1782272891260,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BLX201912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BLX201912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"horizontal project","award":["2024-HXFW-327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-HXFW-327"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to integrate apoptosis-associated and proliferation\u2013apoptosis-coupled transcriptomic signatures with explainable machine learning to construct an exploratory molecular classification model for psoriasis. Transcriptomic datasets GSE30999 and GSE53552 were merged as the skin-tissue training cohort, and GSE55201, a whole-blood transcriptomic dataset, was used as an independent cross-tissue external validation cohort. Differential expression analysis identified 3707 DEGs, and intersection with GeneCards apoptosis-related genes yielded 894 overlapping genes. After PPI-based hub gene selection, eight machine learning algorithms were exploratorily compared within a preselected 25-gene feature space. DALEX-based permutation feature importance analysis identified a five-gene apoptosis-associated and proliferation\u2013apoptosis-coupled signature comprising CCNB1, KIF11, HDAC1, TPX2, and MELK. The five-gene model achieved an AUC of 0.966 in the training cohort and 0.811 in the external whole-blood validation cohort, indicating moderate cross-tissue generalizability. Calibration and decision-curve analyses were performed only in the training cohort and should be interpreted as exploratory analyses rather than evidence of clinical utility. Overall, this study provides an interpretable transcriptomic classification framework for distinguishing psoriasis from healthy controls, while its ability to differentiate psoriasis from clinically similar dermatoses remains to be validated in independent disease-control cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T03:27:21Z","timestamp":1781666841000},"page":"5441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Exploratory Transcriptomic Classification Model for Psoriasis Based on Apoptosis-Associated and Proliferation\u2013Apoptosis-Coupled Genes Using Explainable Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xinhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9769-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiachen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyang","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7925-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuli","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4615-4366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhao","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61909-7","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"386","author":"Boehncke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1590","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1590","article-title":"National, regional, and worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis: Systematic analysis and modelling study","volume":"369","author":"Parisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13854","article-title":"A systematic review of worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis","volume":"31","author":"Michalek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4006","article-title":"Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis: A review","volume":"323","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.004","article-title":"Psoriasis pathogenesis and the development of novel targeted immune therapies","volume":"140","author":"Hawkes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120225","article-title":"Immunology of psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Lowes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700008","article-title":"Keratinocyte apoptosis in epidermal development and disease","volume":"126","author":"Raj","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701320337","article-title":"Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death","volume":"35","author":"Elmore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.06.010","article-title":"Cell death by cornification","volume":"1833","author":"Eckhart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804595","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"361","author":"Nestle","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Keratinocytes derived from psoriatic plaques are resistant to apoptosis compared with normal skin","volume":"151","author":"Mitra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0012-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cell death: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018","volume":"25","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.4.2240","article-title":"Inhibition of keratinocyte apoptosis by IL-15: A new parameter in the pathogenesis of psoriasis?","volume":"165","author":"Asadullah","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/2475530320950267","article-title":"Machine learning applications in the evaluation and management of psoriasis: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psoriasis Psoriatic Arthritis"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15965","article-title":"Smart identification of psoriasis by images using convolutional neural networks: A case study in China","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D991","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1193","article-title":"NCBI GEO: Archive for functional genomics data sets\u2014Update","volume":"41","author":"Barrett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133918","article-title":"Identifying potential targets for preventing cancer progression through the PLA2G1B recombinant protein using bioinformatics and machine learning methods","volume":"276","author":"Guan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.044424","article-title":"Exploring genetic associations of 3 types of risk factors with ischemic stroke: An integrated bioinformatics study","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1206-1565","article-title":"What is a support vector machine?","volume":"24","author":"Noble","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.001593","article-title":"Machine learning in medicine","volume":"132","author":"Deo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0048-x","article-title":"Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead","volume":"1","author":"Rudin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Molnar, C. (2022). Interpretable Machine Learning: A Guide for Making Black Box Models Explainable, Leanpub. [2nd ed.]. Available online: https:\/\/christophm.github.io\/interpretable-ml-book\/."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1814259","article-title":"Machine learning in medicine","volume":"380","author":"Rajkomar","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Lundberg, S.M., and Lee, S.I. (2017, January 4\u20139). A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2017), Long Beach, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, M.T., Singh, S., and Guestrin, C. (2016, January 13\u201317). \u201cWhy should I trust you?\u201d: Explaining the predictions of any classifier. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939778"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1","article-title":"DALEX: Explainers for complex predictive models in R","volume":"19","author":"Biecek","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.9791","article-title":"How to build and interpret a nomogram for cancer prognosis","volume":"26","author":"Iasonos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"278","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of psoriasis","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.064","article-title":"Psoriasis and comorbid diseases: Epidemiology","volume":"76","author":"Takeshita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61128-3","article-title":"Pathogenesis and clinical features of psoriasis","volume":"370","author":"Griffiths","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swindell, W.R., Johnston, A., Voorhees, J.J., Elder, J.T., and Gudjonsson, J.E. (2013). Dissecting the psoriasis transcriptome: Inflammatory- and cytokine-driven gene expression in lesions from 163 patients. BMC Genom., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-527"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.36","article-title":"Assessment of the psoriatic transcriptome in a large sample: Additional regulated genes and comparisons with in vitro models","volume":"130","author":"Gudjonsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"335","article-title":"Cyclin B1 and CDK1: Nuclear localization and upstream regulators","volume":"5","author":"Porter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Cell Cycle Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2011.130","article-title":"Dimethylenastron suppresses human pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro via allosteric inhibition of mitotic kinesin Eg5","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2010.10.015","article-title":"Hdac1 and Hdac2 act redundantly to control p63 and p53 functions in epidermal progenitor cells","volume":"19","author":"LeBoeuf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01763","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01763","article-title":"MELK is an oncogenic kinase essential for mitotic progression in basal-like breast cancer cells","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2602","article-title":"Cell cycle, CDKs and cancer: A changing paradigm","volume":"9","author":"Malumbres","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3115","article-title":"Mitotic catastrophe: A mechanism for avoiding genomic instability","volume":"12","author":"Vitale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, Y.-J., Na, J.-I., Byun, S.-Y., Kwon, S.-H., Yang, S.-H., Lee, H.-S., Choi, H.-R., Cho, S., Youn, S.W., and Park, K.-C. (2020). Histone deacetylase 1 and sirtuin 1 expression in psoriatic skin: A comparison between guttate and plaque psoriasis. Life, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/life10090157"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02962.x","article-title":"Under-expression of VHL and over-expression of HDAC-1, HIF-1alpha, LL-37, and IAP-2 in affected skin biopsies of patients with psoriasis","volume":"46","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.04.019","article-title":"Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase is stabilized in mitosis by phosphorylation and is partially degraded upon mitotic exit","volume":"316","author":"Badouel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2212-y","article-title":"Piperlongumine regulates epigenetic modulation and alleviates psoriasis-like skin inflammation via inhibition of hyperproliferation and inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Thatikonda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Yin, P., Yang, R., Zhang, G., Wu, C., Zheng, Y., Wu, S., and Liu, M. (2024). Integrated bioinformatics combined with machine learning to analyze shared biomarkers and pathways in psoriasis and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1351908"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2467","article-title":"Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity","volume":"44","author":"Tsoi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.184","article-title":"Expanding the psoriasis disease profile: Interrogation of the skin and blood","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts034","article-title":"The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments","volume":"28","author":"Leek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1.30.1","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.5","article-title":"The GeneCards suite: From gene data mining to disease genome sequence analyses","volume":"54","author":"Stelzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D607","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1131","article-title":"STRING v11: Protein\u2013protein association networks with increased coverage, supporting functional discovery in genome-wide experimental datasets","volume":"47","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: A software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin, C.H., Chen, S.H., Wu, H.H., Ho, C.W., Ko, M.T., and Lin, C.Y. (2014). cytoHubba: Identifying hub objects and sub-networks from complex interactome. BMC Syst. Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-8-S4-S11"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu393","article-title":"circlize implements and enhances circular visualization in R","volume":"30","author":"Gu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v028.i05","article-title":"Building predictive models in R using the caret package","volume":"28","author":"Kuhn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013203451","article-title":"Greedy function approximation: A gradient boosting machine","volume":"29","author":"Friedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"LeCun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Breiman, L., Friedman, J.H., Olshen, R.A., and Stone, C.J. (1984). Classification and Regression Trees, Chapman & Hall\/CRC."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robin, X., Turck, N., Hainard, A., Tiberti, N., Lisacek, F., Sanchez, J.-C., and M\u00fcller, M. (2011). pROC: An open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves. BMC Bioinform., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Multivariable prognostic models: Issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors","volume":"15","author":"Harrell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X06295361","article-title":"Decision curve analysis: A novel method for evaluating prediction models","volume":"26","author":"Vickers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Decis. Mak."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/12\/5441\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:13:52Z","timestamp":1782270832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/12\/5441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27125441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27125441","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]}}}