{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T19:11:34Z","timestamp":1788462694722,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anemia represents one of the most frequent systemic complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a consistently higher prevalence reported in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) compared with ulcerative colitis (UC). While chronic inflammation, impaired iron absorption, and intestinal blood loss are recognized contributors, microbiome-mediated mechanisms influencing host iron availability remain insufficiently explored. Emerging evidence indicates that CD-associated dysbiosis is characterized by an increased abundance of siderophore-producing bacteria, particularly members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Because siderophores are high-affinity iron-chelating molecules capable of competing with host iron acquisition systems and partially escaping lipocalin-2-mediated sequestration, their expansion may contribute to reduced luminal iron bioavailability. In this systematic review, we analyzed comparative microbiome studies published between 2016 and 2026 that directly evaluated microbial differences between CD and UC. CD microbiota consistently demonstrated enrichment in siderophore-associated taxa relative to UC. Based on these findings, we propose that microbiome-driven iron competition may represent an additional mechanistic contributor to the increased prevalence and persistence of anemia observed in CD. Although direct in vivo quantification of siderophore activity in IBD remains limited, the convergence of ecological, functional, and strain-level microbiome evidence supports a biologically plausible interaction between microbial iron-scavenging strategies and host iron metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1782270557000},"page":"5570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Higher Prevalence of Anemia in Crohn\u2019s Disease Compared with Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dragos-Florin","family":"Tesoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children \u201cSfanta Maria\u201d, 700309 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8326-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Mihaela","family":"Trandafir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children \u201cSfanta Maria\u201d, 700309 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bozomitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children \u201cSfanta Maria\u201d, 700309 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5836-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otilia Elena","family":"Frasinariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children \u201cSfanta Maria\u201d, 700309 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-7538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. 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