{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:23:00Z","timestamp":1792815780582,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":256,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005891","name":"State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["zyyzdxk-2023272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["zyyzdxk-2023272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["zyyzdxk-2023272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["zyyzdxk-2023272"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003cpqh10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mammalian brain fundamentally relies on precise lipid homeostasis to maintain structural integrity and complex neural signaling. Emerging evidence positions lipid metabolism reprogramming not merely as a secondary pathological byproduct but as a core initiating driver of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This review systematically evaluates the mechanisms of cerebral lipid dyshomeostasis during brain aging, highlighting glial cells as the central mediators of this pathological cascade. We comprehensively dissect the age-associated \u201clipid drift\u201d, emphasizing apolipoprotein E (APOE)-induced cholesterol transport defects and lipid raft pathology, the accumulation of lipid droplets that triggers microglial metabolic stress (LDAMs), and ceramide-driven neuronal apoptosis coupled with the exosome-mediated propagation of pathogenic proteins. Furthermore, we map these aberrant lipid networks to specific pathological signatures in Alzheimer\u2019s, Parkinson\u2019s, and demyelinating diseases. Finally, we critically evaluate promising therapeutic interventions, including nutritional strategies, LXR\/RXR agonists, and nanotechnology-enabled delivery systems designed to bypass the blood\u2013brain barrier. By integrating high-throughput lipidomics for early diagnostic biomarker discovery, we underscore the translational imperative of restoring cerebral lipid homeostasis as a disease-modifying strategy for neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1782270557000},"page":"5580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming in the Aging Brain: Glial-Mediated Pathogenic Mechanisms and Translational Strategies in Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongchao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haojia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01778-5","article-title":"Brain Lipid Metabolism and Transport: Implications for Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Strategies: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"41","author":"Qadir","year":"2026","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e198352","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI198352","article-title":"Endothelial Gateways for Brain Lipid Uptake and Metabolism","volume":"135","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chew, H., Solomon, V.A., and Fonteh, A.N. (2020). Involvement of Lipids in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathology and Potential Therapies. Front. Physiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00598"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2024.08.002","article-title":"Lipid Role in Synapse and Nuclear Envelope-Associated Endocytic Pathways in Tauopathy","volume":"143","author":"Chinnathambi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kao, Y.-C., Ho, P.-C., Tu, Y.-K., Jou, I.-M., and Tsai, K.-J. (2020). Lipids and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041505"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16073","article-title":"The Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Analogue, FTY720, Modulates the Lipidomic Signature of the Mouse Hippocampus","volume":"168","author":"Stewart","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"159687","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in Cardiolipin Profile and Functional Consequences of Altered Fatty Acid Supply","volume":"1870","author":"Kaltenborn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2025.168021","article-title":"Mission Cholesterol: Uncovering Its Hidden Role in ALS Neurodegeneration","volume":"1871","author":"Mota","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2020.183340","article-title":"Pleiotropic Effects of Statins on Brain Cells","volume":"1862","author":"Sodero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-025-00828-1","article-title":"MFSD2A: A Molecular Nexus Linking Blood-Brain Barrier, Lipid Metabolism, and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"9839368","article-title":"Trans-2-Enoyl-CoA Reductase Tecr-Driven Lipid Metabolism in Endothelial Cells Protects against Transcytosis to Maintain Blood-Brain Barrier Homeostasis","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00edaz, M. (2024). Multifactor Analyses of Frontal Cortex Lipids in the APP\/PS1 Model of Familial Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Reveal Anomalies in Responses to Dietary n-3 PUFA and Estrogenic Treatments. Genes, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15060810"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.3c00045","article-title":"Characterization of Pairs of Toxic and Nontoxic Misfolded Protein Oligomers Elucidates the Structural Determinants of Oligomer Toxicity in Protein Misfolding Diseases","volume":"56","author":"Limbocker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00574-4","article-title":"ApoE in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"17","author":"Raulin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4779","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf465","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and Risk of Dementia: Findings from Three Cohort Studies","volume":"46","author":"Thomas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-00971-6","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Signatures in Cognitively Normal Individuals Identify Distinct Clusters Linked to Neurodegeneration","volume":"5","author":"Seo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.3889","article-title":"Association Between Slow-Wave Sleep Loss and Incident Dementia","volume":"80","author":"Himali","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-02000-6","article-title":"Tau PET Positivity in Individuals with and without Cognitive Impairment Varies with Age, Amyloid-\u03b2 Status, APOE Genotype and Sex","volume":"28","author":"Ossenkoppele","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.1678","article-title":"Subjective Cognitive Decline Plus and Longitudinal Assessment and Risk for Cognitive Impairment","volume":"81","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-00818-0","article-title":"Large-Scale Proteomic Analyses of Incident Parkinson\u2019s Disease Reveal New Pathophysiological Insights and Potential Biomarkers","volume":"5","author":"Gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00973-1","article-title":"Common and Rare Variant Association Analyses in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Identify 15 Risk Loci with Distinct Genetic Architectures and Neuron-Specific Biology","volume":"53","author":"Bakker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.2169","article-title":"Associations of Sex, Race, and Apolipoprotein E Alleles with Multiple Domains of Cognition Among Older Adults","volume":"80","author":"Walters","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057889","article-title":"Temporal Trends in the Remaining Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Middle-Aged Adults Across 6 Decades: The Framingham Study","volume":"145","author":"Vasan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.053","article-title":"Associations Between Cardiovascular Risk, Structural Brain Changes, and Cognitive Decline","volume":"75","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2022.184033","article-title":"The Synaptic Lipidome in Health and Disease","volume":"1864","author":"Barrantes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milo\u0161evi\u0107, M., Arsi\u0107, A., Cvetkovi\u0107, Z., and Vu\u010di\u0107, V. (2021). Memorable Food: Fighting Age-Related Neurodegeneration by Precision Nutrition. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.688086"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1332","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1332","article-title":"Central Nervous System Sulfatide Deficiency as a Causal Factor for Bladder Disorder in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103027","article-title":"Membrane Lipid Remodeling Modulates \u03b3-Secretase Processivity","volume":"299","author":"Dawkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203721666200505101734","article-title":"The Role of Glyoxalase in Glycation and Carbonyl Stress Induced Metabolic Disorders","volume":"21","author":"Saeed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Protein Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02088-y","article-title":"Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Wdr45-Deficient Cells Caused by Impairment of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagic Degradation of Fasn","volume":"23","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15373","article-title":"Nuclear Lipidome Is Altered in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Pilot Study","volume":"158","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz382","article-title":"Lipid Metabolic Pathways Converge in Motor Neuron Degenerative Diseases","volume":"143","author":"Rickman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.2c00578","article-title":"Lipidomic and Metallomic Alteration of Caenorhabditis Elegans after Acute and Chronic Manganese, Iron, and Zinc Exposure with a Link to Neurodegenerative Disorders","volume":"22","author":"Blume","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.4c01133","article-title":"Lipidomic Network Analysis Reveals Amyloid-\u03b2-Induced Lysosomal Lipid Accumulation in the Cortex and Hippocampus of 5xFAD Mice","volume":"24","author":"Cha","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-024-00713-z","article-title":"GBA1 Inactivation in Oligodendrocytes Affects Myelination and Induces Neurodegenerative Hallmarks and Lipid Dyshomeostasis in Mice","volume":"19","author":"Gregorio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00547-7","article-title":"Novel App Knock-in Mouse Model Shows Key Features of Amyloid Pathology and Reveals Profound Metabolic Dysregulation of Microglia","volume":"17","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00382-8","article-title":"Sex-Dependent Calcium Hyperactivity Due to Lysosomal-Related Dysfunction in Astrocytes from APOE4 versus APOE3 Gene Targeted Replacement Mice","volume":"15","author":"Perea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70208","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70208","article-title":"Association Between Plasma Metabolomic Profile and Machine Learning-Based Brain Age","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jov\u00e9, M., Cabr\u00e9, R., Mota-Martorell, N., Martin-Gar\u00ed, M., Obis, \u00c8., Ramos, P., Canales, I., Galo-Licona, J.D., Sol, J., and Nogueras, L. (2021). Age-Related Changes in Lipidome of Rat Frontal Cortex and Cerebellum Are Partially Reversed by Methionine Restriction Applied in Old Age. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212517"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07109-5","article-title":"A Concerted Neuron-Astrocyte Program Declines in Ageing and Schizophrenia","volume":"627","author":"Ling","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-091922-034237","article-title":"Cholesterol Metabolism in Aging and Age-Related Disorders","volume":"46","author":"Saher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-025-00303-3","article-title":"27-Hydroxycholesterol Triggers Microglial Senescence Subsequent to Iron over-Loading Contributes to Brain Aging, Suppressed by Deferoxamine","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Aging"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Hajj, A., Herzine, A., Calcagno, G., D\u00e9sor, F., Djelti, F., Bombail, V., Denis, I., Oster, T., Malaplate, C., and Vigier, M. (2022). Targeted Suppression of Lipoprotein Receptor LSR in Astrocytes Leads to Olfactory and Memory Deficits in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042049"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00610-6","article-title":"A Lipidome Landscape of Aging in Mice","volume":"4","author":"Tsugawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2011.11.004","article-title":"Lipid Changes in the Aged Brain: Effect on Synaptic Function and Neuronal Survival","volume":"51","author":"Ledesma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101152","article-title":"Socio-Environmental and Health-Related Factors and Their Association with Longitudinal Change in Brain Neuroimaging Markers through the Plasma Metabolome among UK Adults: An Additive Bayesian Network Analysis","volume":"50","author":"Beydoun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. Health"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01808-5","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated with Lower Posterior-Medial Network Functional Connectivity in Older Adults","volume":"17","author":"Chauveau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2025.100895","article-title":"Long-Term Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves Meningeal Lymphatic Function during Brain Aging in Mice","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mora, I., Arola, L., Caimari, A., Escot\u00e9, X., and Puiggr\u00f2s, F. (2022). Structured Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Improvement of Cognitive Function during Aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073472"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albouery, M., Buteau, B., Gr\u00e9goire, S., Cherbuy, C., Pais de Barros, J.-P., Martine, L., Chain, F., Cabaret, S., Berdeaux, O., and Bron, A.M. (2019). Age-Related Changes in the Gut Microbiota Modify Brain Lipid Composition. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00444"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohn, W., Melnik, M., Huang, C., Teter, B., Chandra, S., Zhu, C., McIntire, L.B., John, V., Gylys, K.H., and Bilousova, T. (2021). Multi-Omics Analysis of Microglial Extracellular Vesicles from Human Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Brain Tissue Reveals Disease-Associated Signatures. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.766082"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chataigner, M., Lucas, C., Di Miceli, M., Pallet, V., Laye, S., Mehaignerie, A., Bouvret, E., Dinel, A.-L., and Joffre, C. (2021). Dietary Fish Hydrolysate Improves Memory Performance Through Microglial Signature Remodeling During Aging. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.750292"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01059-3","article-title":"Country-Level Incidence of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias Is Associated with Increased Omega-6-PUFA Consumption","volume":"5","author":"Ciesielski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106106","article-title":"Immunometabolic Biomarkers of Brain Aging: Nonlinear Association between Neutrophil-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults","volume":"130","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103700","article-title":"Autophagy Hub-Protein P62 Orchestrates Oxidative, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Inflammatory Responses Post-Ischemia, Exacerbating Stroke Outcome","volume":"84","author":"Quan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03396-5","article-title":"Protective Role of Mitophagy on Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Injury through mtDNA-STING Signaling in Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism","volume":"22","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103910","article-title":"Presenilin Mutations Disrupt Iron Homeostasis to Promote Ferroptosis Mediated Neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis Elegans","volume":"88","author":"Ryan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.106690","article-title":"TRIM32 Promotes Neuronal Ferroptosis by Enhancing K63-Linked Ubiquitination and Subsequent P62-Selective Autophagic Degradation of GPX4","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.10.027","article-title":"Decreased Lipidated ApoE-Receptor Interactions Confer Protection against Pathogenicity of ApoE and Its Lipid Cargoes in Lysosomes","volume":"188","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14249","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c02319","article-title":"6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonate (F-53B) Induces Aging and Parkinson\u2019s Disease-like Disorders in C. Elegans at Low Concentrations","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-021-00267-8","article-title":"Manganese (II) Chloride Leads to Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity by Promoting Mitophagy through BNIP3-Mediated Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-025-00529-x","article-title":"Lipofuscin Accumulation in Aging and Neurodegeneration: A Potential \u201cTimebomb\u201d Overlooked in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"Dougnon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102244","article-title":"Recreating Pathophysiology of CLN2 Disease and Demonstrating Reversion by TPP1 Gene Therapy in hiPSC-Derived Retinal Organoids and Retina-on-Chip","volume":"6","author":"Corti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9280","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.46566","article-title":"TFE3, a Potential Therapeutic Target for Spinal Cord Injury via Augmenting Autophagy Flux and Alleviating ER Stress","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2353548","article-title":"ROS-Mediated Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization and Autophagy Inhibition Regulate Bleomycin-Induced Cellular Senescence","volume":"20","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2025.2576613","article-title":"Lysosomal Proteomics Reveals Mechanisms of Neuronal APOE4-Associated Lysosomal Dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Krogsaeter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00616-5","article-title":"NF-\u03baB Is a Critical Mediator of Post-Mitotic Senescence in Oligodendrocytes and Subsequent White Matter Loss","volume":"18","author":"Schlett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0588-8","article-title":"Myelin Degeneration and Diminished Myelin Renewal Contribute to Age-Related Deficits in Memory","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-1698-7","article-title":"White Matter Inflammation and Cognitive Function in a Co-Morbid Metabolic Syndrome and Prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Rat Model","volume":"17","author":"Ivanova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58466-2","article-title":"Spatial Transcriptomics of the Aging Mouse Brain Reveals Origins of Inflammation in the White Matter","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-01955-w","article-title":"Microglia Activation Orchestrates CXCL10-Mediated CD8+ T Cell Recruitment to Promote Aging-Related White Matter Degeneration","volume":"28","author":"Groh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06120-6","article-title":"Myelin Dysfunction Drives Amyloid-\u03b2 Deposition in Models of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"618","author":"Depp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-02113-y","article-title":"Oxidized Phosphatidylcholines Deposition Drives Chronic Neurodegeneration in a Mouse Model of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis via IL-1\u03b2 Signaling","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00303-y","article-title":"Increased White Matter Glycolysis in Humans with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease","volume":"2","author":"Brier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02923-6","article-title":"ASK1-K716R Reduces Neuroinflammation and White Matter Injury via Preserving Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity after Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"20","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102550","article-title":"Neuronal Deletion of MnSOD in Mice Leads to Demyelination, Inflammation and Progressive Paralysis That Mimics Phenotypes Associated with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"59","author":"Bhaskaran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e252610","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.252610","article-title":"Association of Body Fat Distribution Patterns at MRI with Brain Structure, Cognition, and Neurologic Diseases","volume":"318","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0537","article-title":"Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Neuroimaging and Cognitive Outcomes in the UK Biobank","volume":"47","author":"Qureshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6052","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.75188","article-title":"Intermittent Fasting Attenuates Hallmark Vascular and Neuronal Pathologies in a Mouse Model of Vascular Cognitive Impairment","volume":"18","author":"Rajeev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.04.005","article-title":"Small-Molecule-Induced Epigenetic Rejuvenation Promotes SREBP Condensation and Overcomes Barriers to CNS Myelin Regeneration","volume":"187","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.71815","article-title":"Time-Restricted Feeding Modulates the DNA Methylation Landscape, Attenuates Hallmark Neuropathology and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Vascular Dementia","volume":"12","author":"Selvaraji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ugolotti, M., Papotti, B., Trentini, A., Mola, G., Cervellati, C., Adorni, M.P., and Zimetti, F. (2025). Mechanisms, Mediators, and Pharmacological Approaches Targeting Brain Cholesterol Transport in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Curr. Pharm. Des.","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128411158250909151734"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2024.11.005","article-title":"Cholesterol Metabolism Regulates Tauopathy in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"147","author":"Chinnathambi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Protein. Chem. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2025.111321","article-title":"New Insight into the Role of Altered Brain Cholesterol Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of AD: A Unifying Cholesterol Hypothesis and New Therapeutic Approach for AD","volume":"224","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108572","article-title":"ApoE4 Impairs Neuron-Astrocyte Coupling of Fatty Acid Metabolism","volume":"34","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05329-y","article-title":"The Synergistic Role of ApoE4 and GSK3\u03b2 in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892037326839241014054430","article-title":"Unraveling APOE4\u2019s Role in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Pathologies and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"26","author":"Tripathi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Protein Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152335","article-title":"APOE4-Driven Lipid Metabolic Dysregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Multi-Pathway Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives","volume":"778","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, D., Portugal, C.C., Relvas, J., and Socodato, R. (2025). From Genetics to Neuroinflammation: The Impact of ApoE4 on Microglial Function in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14040243"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz4564","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz4564","article-title":"APOE4 Disrupts Intracellular Lipid Homeostasis in Human iPSC-Derived Glia","volume":"13","author":"Sienski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halim, D.O., Di Biase, E., Rajon, A., Jordi, L., Hallett, P.J., and Isacson, O. (2025). APOE3 Astrocytes Can Rescue Lipid Abnormalities and Dystrophic Neurites of APOE4 Human Neurons. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.10.24.684364"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15051","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96531-4","article-title":"ApoE4 Requires Lipidation Enhancement to Resolve Cellular Lipid and Protein Abnormalities Following NPC1 Inhibition","volume":"15","author":"Connolly","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.07.005","article-title":"Neuronal \u03b3-Secretase Regulates Lipid Metabolism, Linking Cholesterol to Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"111","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2516103122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2516103122","article-title":"Microglia-to-Neuron Signaling Links APOE4 and Inflammation to Enhanced Neuronal Lipid Metabolism and Network Activity","volume":"122","author":"Na","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lysaker, C.R., Johnson, C.N., Csikos, V., Franczak, E., Benson, M., Gilmore, C.A., Birky, C.J., Davis, X., McCoin, C.S., and Smith, K.P. (2025). Proteomic and Metabolic Profiling Reveals APOE4-Dependent Shifts in Whole Brain, Neuronal, and Astrocytic Mitochondrial Function and Glycolysis. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.06.15.659811"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-025-01358-y","article-title":"Transient Cholesterol Interactions with the Amyloid Precursor Protein Involved in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Zlobina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biophys-062823-023436","article-title":"Cholesterol and Lipid Rafts in the Biogenesis of Amyloid-\u03b2 Protein and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"53","author":"Pantelopulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cerasuolo, M., Di Meo, I., Auriemma, M.C., Paolisso, G., Papa, M., and Rizzo, M.R. (2024). Exploring the Dynamic Changes of Brain Lipids, Lipid Rafts, and Lipid Droplets in Aging and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Biomolecules, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111362"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volynsky, P.E., Urban, A.S., Pavlov, K.V., Bershatsky, Y.V., Bocharova, O.V., Kryuchkova, A.K., Zlobina, V.V., Gavrilenkova, A.A., Dolotova, S.M., and Kamynina, A.V. (2025). Diverse Interactions of Sterols with Amyloid Precursor Protein Transmembrane Domain Can Shift Distribution Between Alternative Amyloid-\u03b2 Production Cascades in Manner Dependent on Local Lipid Environment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020553"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01127-y","article-title":"Cholesterol-Dependent Amyloid \u03b2 Production: Space for Multifarious Interactions between Amyloid Precursor Protein, Secretases, and Cholesterol","volume":"13","author":"Rudajev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, Y.Y., Kwon, O.-H., and Chung, S. (2020). Preferred Endocytosis of Amyloid Precursor Protein from Cholesterol-Enriched Lipid Raft Microdomains. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.26.172874"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz297","article-title":"Enhanced Amyloid-\u03b2 Generation by \u03b3-Secretase Complex in DRM Microdomains with Reduced Cholesterol Levels","volume":"29","author":"Hata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109134","article-title":"Axonal Generation of Amyloid-\u03b2 from Palmitoylated APP in Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes","volume":"35","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.111893","article-title":"Imaging Lipid Rafts Reveals the Principle of ApoE4-Induced A\u03b2 Upregulation in Human Neurons","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.07.017","article-title":"APOE4-Carrying Human Astrocytes Oversupply Cholesterol to Promote Neuronal Lipid Raft Expansion and A\u03b2 Generation","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaax8949","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aax8949","article-title":"SERP1 Is an Assembly Regulator of \u03b3-Secretase in Metabolic Stress Conditions","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Signal"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03528-x","article-title":"Circulatory Extracellular Vesicles Transport Complement C1q for Promoting Neuronal Amyloid-\u03b2 Production in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, S., Choi, S.-H., and Miller, Y.I. (2025). Amyloid \u03b2-Induced Inflammarafts in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104592"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03214-4","article-title":"AIBP Controls TLR4 Inflammarafts and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, H.-C., Ke, L.-Y., Lu, H.-T., Weng, S.-F., Chan, H.-C., Law, S.-H., Lin, I.-L., Chang, C.-F., Lu, Y.-H., and Chen, C.-H. (2020). An Increased Plasma Level of ApoCIII-Rich Electronegative High-Density Lipoprotein May Contribute to Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Biomedicines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8120542"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jcs261281","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.261281","article-title":"A\u03b2 Peptide Enhances GluA1 Internalization via Lipid Rafts in Alzheimer\u2019s-Related Hippocampal LTP Dysfunction","volume":"137","author":"Midorikawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14424","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04989-0","article-title":"Ceramides May Play a Central Role in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Review of Evidence and Horizons for Discovery","volume":"62","author":"Kalkman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azzaz, F., Chahinian, H., Yahi, N., Fantini, J., and Di Scala, C. (2023). AmyP53 Prevents the Formation of Neurotoxic \u03b2-Amyloid Oligomers through an Unprecedent Mechanism of Interaction with Gangliosides: Insights for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021760"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, L., Wang, J., Meng, L., Zhang, X., Xiao, T., Deng, M., Chen, G., Xiong, J., Ke, W., and Hong, Z. (2025). The Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylase CYP46A1 Promotes \u03b1-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. PLoS Biol., 23.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002974"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166993","article-title":"Cholesterol Redistribution Triggered by CYP46A1 Gene Therapy Improves Major Hallmarks of Niemann-Pick Type C Disease but Is Not Sufficient to Halt Neurodegeneration","volume":"1870","author":"Nunes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18287","article-title":"A Review of the Putative Antiseizure and Antiepileptogenic Mechanisms of Action for Soticlestat","volume":"66","author":"Kondo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892002305873240520072802","article-title":"Inhibition of Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharide on Human Cytochrome P450 46A1 In Vitro and In Vivo: Implications in Treating Neurological Diseases","volume":"25","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, J., Chen, X., Zhao, Y., Zhao, T., Wang, D., Chen, Z., Wang, C., Meng, Q., Yao, J., and Sun, H. (2022). Characterization of Three Naturally Occurring Lignans, Sesamol, Sesamolin, and Sesamin, as Potent Inhibitors of Human Cytochrome P450 46A1: Implications for Treating Excitatory Neurotoxicity. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1046814"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2025.101531","article-title":"AAV8-Based Gene Replacement Therapy for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 5","volume":"33","author":"Wiora","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154737","article-title":"Unraveling the Impact of 27-Hydroxycholesterol in Autoimmune Diseases: Exploring Promising Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"248","author":"Hjazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T., Cui, S., Hao, L., Liu, W., Wang, L., Ju, M., Feng, W., and Xiao, R. (2022). Regulation of Th17\/Treg Balance by 27-Hydroxycholesterol and 24S-Hydroxycholesterol Correlates with Learning and Memory Ability in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084370"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-025-00295-0","article-title":"Microglial Lipid Droplets as Therapeutic Targets in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Sung","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Aging"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70088","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.70088","article-title":"Postpartum Brain Reveals Repopulating Process and Long-Lasting Proteomic Changes of Microglia","volume":"74","author":"Rim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0566-1","article-title":"Lipid-Droplet-Accumulating Microglia Represent a Dysfunctional and Proinflammatory State in the Aging Brain","volume":"23","author":"Marschallinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02578-w","article-title":"Progranulin Deficiency Results in Sex-Dependent Alterations in Microglia in Response to Demyelination","volume":"146","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2025.101341","article-title":"The Balancing Act between Lipid Droplets and Lysosomes for Membrane Functionality in Age-Related Neurodegeneration and Inflammation","volume":"99","author":"Tsap","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.029","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 Induces Lipid Droplet-Mediated Microglial Dysfunction via the Enzyme DGAT2 in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"58","author":"Prakash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.048206","article-title":"Transforming Growth Factor \u03921 Protects Against Ischemic Demyelination via Regulating Microglial Lipid Metabolism Pathway","volume":"56","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02568-y","article-title":"Defects in Lysosomal Function and Lipid Metabolism in Human Microglia Harboring a TREM2 Loss of Function Mutation","volume":"145","author":"Filipello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103978","article-title":"Acetylation of Fatty Acid Synthase Regulates Microglial Lipid Droplets Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Activity Following Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07185-7","article-title":"APOE4\/4 Is Linked to Damaging Lipid Droplets in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Microglia","volume":"628","author":"Haney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2025.01148","article-title":"APOE4 Reprograms Microglial Lipid Metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosci. Trends"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70259","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70259","article-title":"Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Cognitive Decline by Restoring Senescent Microglial Function via NF-\u03baB-SREBP1 Pathway Inhibition","volume":"24","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"322","article-title":"Molecular Organization and Antiproliferative Domains of Arterial Tissue Heparan Sulfate","volume":"59","author":"Schmidt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2019.13","article-title":"Nutritional Ketosis as an Intervention to Relieve Astrogliosis: Possible Therapeutic Applications in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative and Neuroprogressive Disorders","volume":"63","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251404970","article-title":"Proposed Unified Model of Late-Onset Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Chronic Astrocytic and Neuronal Bioenergetic Failure","volume":"109","author":"Garrahy","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Astrocytes Mediates Lipid Accumulation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01543","article-title":"Lactate Alleviates Early Brain Damage after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Regulation of Lipid Metabolism","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.08.007","article-title":"Lipidomic Analysis Identifies Long-Chain Acylcarnitine as a Target for Ischemic Stroke","volume":"61","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2025.156161","article-title":"Ceramides Increase Mitochondrial Permeabilization to Trigger mtDNA-Dependent Inflammation in Astrocytes during Brain Ischemia","volume":"166","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-25-00432","article-title":"Palmitic Acid-Induced Autolysosomal Dysfunction and Lipotoxicity in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration","volume":"21","author":"Saipuljumri","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01430-x","article-title":"Navigating the Metabolic Maze: Anomalies in Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Processes in Alzheimer\u2019s Astrocytes","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, Y., Zhang, X., Li, L., Jiang, H., Ren, Q., Yi, T., Zhang, Y., and Lu, Y. (2025). PPAR\u03b1-Mediated Fatty Acid Catabolism in Astrocytes Was Involved in Improvement of Cognitive Dysfunction by Phlorizin in APP\/PS1 Mice. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14111321"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2025.100944","article-title":"The Role of Fatty Acids in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"66","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120000129","article-title":"PUFA and Their Derivatives in Neurotransmission and Synapses: A New Hallmark of Synaptopathies","volume":"79","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57985-2","article-title":"Lipid Packing and Cholesterol Content Regulate Membrane Wetting and Remodeling by Biomolecular Condensates","volume":"16","author":"Mangiarotti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2019.101686","article-title":"Neuroprotective Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid against Sub-Acute Manganese Intoxication Induced Dopaminergic and Motor Disorders in Mice","volume":"102","author":"Abbaoui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13867","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13867","article-title":"Molecular and Biophysical Features of Hippocampal \u201cLipid Rafts Aging\u201d Are Modified by Dietary n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids","volume":"22","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez de San Rom\u00e1n, E., Llorente-Ovejero, A., Mart\u00ednez-Gardeazabal, J., Moreno-Rodr\u00edguez, M., Gim\u00e9nez-Llort, L., Manuel, I., and Rodr\u00edguez-Puertas, R. (2021). Modulation of Neurolipid Signaling and Specific Lipid Species in the Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212256"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y.-W., Li, Q., Li, X.-Y., Zhao, Y.-C., Wang, C.-C., Xue, C.-H., Wang, Y.-M., and Zhang, T.-T. (2023). A Comparative Study about the Neuroprotective Effects of DHA-Enriched Phosphatidylserine and EPA-Enriched Phosphatidylserine against Oxidative Damage in Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21070410"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70866","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70866","article-title":"Neurobiological Synergy of Plant and Animal Sources of Omega-3 and Exercise in Aging: Implications for Molecular Signaling, Memory, Spatial Learning, and Brain Function","volume":"13","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-01029-3","article-title":"Repurposing Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders","volume":"6","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70091","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.70091","article-title":"Mast Cell Immunometabolism in Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"240","author":"Caslin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bah, T.M., Allen, E.M., Garcia-Jaramillo, M., Perez, R., Zarnegarnia, Y., Davis, C.M., Bloom, M.B., Magana, A.A., Choi, J., and Bobe, G. (2022). GPR39 Deficiency Impairs Memory and Alters Oxylipins and Inflammatory Cytokines Without Affecting Cerebral Blood Flow in a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model of Cognitive Impairment. Front Cell Neurosci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.893030"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2024.116856","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabidiol in Early Stages of Neuroinflammation Induced by High-Fat Diet in Cerebral Cortex of Rats","volume":"484","author":"Karpiuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, X., Liu, B., Zhou, J., Gu, X., Zhou, Y., Yang, Y., Guo, F., Wei, X., Wang, H., and Si, N. (2021). High-Fat Diet Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Metabolic Disorders of APP\/PS1 Mice and the Intervention with Chinese Medicine. Front. Aging Neurosci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.658376"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinicke, M., Leyh, J., Zimmermann, S., Chey, S., Brkovic, I.B., Wassermann, C., Landmann, J., L\u00fctjohann, D., Isermann, B., and Bechmann, I. (2021). Plant Sterol-Poor Diet Is Associated with Pro-Inflammatory Lipid Mediators in the Murine Brain. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413207"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2026.103108","article-title":"S100A8\/A9 as a Central Hub in Inflammaging: Cross-System Mechanisms","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557523666230511122435","article-title":"Targeting Neuroinflammation as Disease Modifying Approach to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Potential and Challenges","volume":"23","author":"Jain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abe, T., Ishimoto, T., Araki, Y., Niu, Z., Li, C., He, J., Ngurari, S., and Toda, C. (2025). Suppression of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Induces Hyperphagia and Obesity in Male Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202504.0088.v1"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2302809120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2302809120","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 Activates Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons to Drive Diet-Induced Obesity","volume":"120","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-1072","article-title":"Prostaglandin PGE2 Receptor EP4 Regulates Microglial Phagocytosis and Increases Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Obesity","volume":"72","author":"Niraula","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02361-2","article-title":"A Peripheral Lipid Sensor GPR120 Remotely Contributes to Suppression of PGD2-Microglia-Provoked Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in the Mouse Hippocampus","volume":"18","author":"Iwasa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2025.117238","article-title":"20-HETE: Its Potential Role in Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes","volume":"242","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106121","article-title":"Cannabidiol Attenuates Diet-Induced Metabolic Endotoxemia, Neuroinflammation, and Anxiety-like Behaviors in Male Aged Rats","volume":"130","author":"Jantsch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2022.101194","article-title":"Anandamide and Other N-Acylethanolamines: A Class of Signaling Lipids with Therapeutic Opportunities","volume":"89","author":"Mock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.231","article-title":"Resolution of Inflammation Is Disturbed in Acute Ischemic Stroke with Diabetes Mellitus and Rescued by Resolvin D2 Treatment","volume":"188","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01176-4","article-title":"Acid Sphingomyelinase as a Pathological and Therapeutic Target in Neurological Disorders: Focus on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"56","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varma, V.R., Oommen, A.M., Varma, S., Casanova, R., An, Y., Andrews, R.M., O\u2019Brien, R., Pletnikova, O., Troncoso, J.C., and Toledo, J. (2018). Brain and Blood Metabolite Signatures of Pathology and Progression in Alzheimer Disease: A Targeted Metabolomics Study. PLoS Med., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002482"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42595-7","article-title":"CerS6-Dependent Ceramide Synthesis in Hypothalamic Neurons Promotes ER\/Mitochondrial Stress and Impairs Glucose Homeostasis in Obese Mice","volume":"14","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz201","article-title":"A Metabolic Perspective on CSF-Mediated Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"142","author":"Wentling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66687-8","article-title":"Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids Drive 1-deoxySphingolipid Toxicity","volume":"16","author":"Majcher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.008","article-title":"CerS6-Derived Sphingolipids Interact with Mff and Promote Mitochondrial Fragmentation in Obesity","volume":"177","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2027193","article-title":"Ceramide-Induced Mitophagy Impairs \u00df-Oxidation-Linked Energy Production in PINK1 Deficiency","volume":"18","author":"Vos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.018","article-title":"Ceramide Synthase 6 Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Hemin-Treated Neurons by Impairing Mitophagy through Interacting with Sequestosome 1","volume":"227","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00383-9","article-title":"Inhibiting Tau-Induced Elevated nSMase2 Activity and Ceramides Is Therapeutic in an Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Mouse Model","volume":"12","author":"Tallon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-025-00508-2","article-title":"Reduced Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A in Extracellular Vesicles and Brains of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Associations with A\u03b2, Tau, Synaptic Proteins and APOE \u03954","volume":"14","author":"Nussbaumer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02367-3","article-title":"Altered Ceramide Metabolism Is a Feature in the Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Spread of Alpha-Synuclein in Lewy Body Disorders","volume":"142","author":"Tammireddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12034","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12034","article-title":"An Intact Membrane Is Essential for Small Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Modulation of \u03b1-Synuclein Fibrillization","volume":"10","author":"Ugalde","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eady5212","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ady5212","article-title":"Gangliosides Modulate the Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Misfolded Protein Cargo","volume":"11","author":"Monyror","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30037-6","article-title":"The Prion Model for Progression and Diversity of Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"16","author":"Stopschinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3138","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301440110","article-title":"Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Mediate Internalization and Propagation of Specific Proteopathic Seeds","volume":"110","author":"Holmes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06801-y","article-title":"Chronic Sleep Deprivation Induces Plasma Exosome-Derived miR-150-5p Downregulation as a Novel Mechanism Involved in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Progression by Targeting DCLK1","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12455","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12455","article-title":"Microglial Activation Induces Nitric Oxide Signalling and Alters Protein S-Nitrosylation Patterns in Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"13","author":"Vassileff","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad361","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicle Proteome Unveils Cathepsin B Connection to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"147","author":"Yuyama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00857-6","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathogenesis: Standing at the Crossroad of Lipid Metabolism and Immune Response","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0599-5","article-title":"The Multiplex Model of the Genetics of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"23","author":"Sims","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58585-w","article-title":"GRAMD1B Is a Regulator of Lipid Homeostasis, Autophagic Flux and Phosphorylated Tau","volume":"16","author":"Turkes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28769-9","article-title":"ATAD3A Oligomerization Promotes Neuropathology and Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Models","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.10.040","article-title":"Protective ApoE Variants Support Neuronal Function by Effluxing Oxidized Phospholipids","volume":"114","author":"Ralhan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab478","article-title":"APOE4 Derived from Astrocytes Leads to Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment","volume":"145","author":"Jackson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01127-0","article-title":"Peripheral apoE4 Enhances Alzheimer\u2019s Pathology and Impairs Cognition by Compromising Cerebrovascular Function","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00542-y","article-title":"TREM2 in the Pathogenesis of AD: A Lipid Metabolism Regulator and Potential Metabolic Therapeutic Target","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105487","article-title":"Impacts of APOE-\u03954 and Exercise Training on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Barrier Function and Metabolism","volume":"111","author":"Weber","year":"2025","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-01025-7","article-title":"Lysophosphatidylcholines Are Associated with Amyloidosis in Early Stages of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"6","author":"Kalia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00825-0","article-title":"Decoding Microglial Immunometabolism: A New Frontier in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research","volume":"20","author":"Jung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.12.007","article-title":"TREM2 Regulates Microglial Cholesterol Metabolism upon Chronic Phagocytic Challenge","volume":"105","author":"Nugent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00445-6","article-title":"TRPV1 Alleviates APOE4-Dependent Microglial Antigen Presentation and T Cell Infiltration in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00453","article-title":"Membrane Interactions of \u03b1-Synuclein Probed by Neutrons and Photons","volume":"54","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5475","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c13914","article-title":"Polystyrene Nanoplastics Hitch-Hike the Gut-Brain Axis to Exacerbate Parkinson\u2019s Pathology","volume":"19","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabm6393","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm6393","article-title":"Mutant Glucocerebrosidase Impairs \u03b1-Synuclein Degradation by Blockade of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy","volume":"8","author":"Kuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00226-x","article-title":"Cross-Talks among GBA Mutations, Glucocerebrosidase, and \u03b1-Synuclein in GBA-Associated Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Their Targeted Therapeutic Approaches: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"10","author":"Behl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab371","article-title":"Sphingolipid Changes in Parkinson L444P GBA Mutation Fibroblasts Promote \u03b1-Synuclein Aggregation","volume":"145","author":"Galvagnion","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11854","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c02957","article-title":"Glucosylceramide Associated with Gaucher Disease Forms Amyloid-like Twisted Ribbon Fibrils That Induce \u03b1-Synuclein Aggregation","volume":"15","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.4611","article-title":"Ambroxol for the Treatment of Patients with Parkinson Disease with and Without Glucocerebrosidase Gene Mutations: A Nonrandomized, Noncontrolled Trial","volume":"77","author":"Mullin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.12.004","article-title":"Glucocerebrosidase Activity Modulates Neuronal Susceptibility to Pathological \u03b1-Synuclein Insult","volume":"105","author":"Henderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37454-4","article-title":"Glucocerebrosidase Is Imported into Mitochondria and Preserves Complex I Integrity and Energy Metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Baden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2025.08.022","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein Aggregates Inhibit ESCRT-III through Sequestration and Collateral Degradation","volume":"85","author":"Sitron","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2274711","article-title":"Targeted Degradation of SNCA\/\u03b1-Synuclein Aggregates in Neurodegeneration Using the AUTOTAC Chemical Platform","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04014-w","article-title":"Myelin Injury Precedes Axonal Injury and Symptomatic Onset in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"32","author":"Abdelhak","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.12.031","article-title":"Myelin Antigen Capture in the CNS by B Cells Expressing EBV Latent Membrane Protein 1 Leads to Demyelinating Lesion Formation","volume":"189","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.12.046","article-title":"EBV Infection and HLA-DR15 Jointly Drive Multiple Sclerosis by Myelin Peptide Presentation","volume":"189","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadq1177","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adq1177","article-title":"Targeting Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 Reduces Brain Inflammation and Neurodegeneration","volume":"390","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01204-3","article-title":"GPR34 Senses Demyelination to Promote Neuroinflammation and Pathologies","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.03.022","article-title":"Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Glial-Derived Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Synthesis, Secretion, and Neuroinflammation","volume":"35","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.10.003","article-title":"Single-Cell Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling Defines a Pathogenic Inflammatory Niche in Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions","volume":"58","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52142-7","article-title":"Astrocyte-Derived Clusterin Disrupts Glial Physiology to Obstruct Remyelination in Mouse Models of Demyelinating Diseases","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shabbir, I., Liu, K., Riaz, B., Rahim, M.F., Zhong, S., Aweya, J.J., and Cheong, K.-L. (2025). Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of the Ketogenic Diet in Modulating Neurodegenerative Pathophysiology: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17071268"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102233","article-title":"Role of Ketogenic Diet in Neurodegenerative Diseases Focusing on Alzheimer Diseases: The Guardian Angle","volume":"95","author":"Jabir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.373715","article-title":"Ketogenic Diet Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in APP\/PS1 Mice via the Nrf2\/HO-1 and NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathways","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13779","article-title":"Ketogenic Diet Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-25-00062","article-title":"A2 Astrocyte Polarization Mediates Ketogenic Diet Protection of Blood-Central Nervous System Barriers in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_223","first-page":"1436","article-title":"Pharmacological Properties of New Neuroleptic Compounds","volume":"25","author":"Coscia","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seira, O., Park, H.D., Liu, J., Poovathukaran, M., Clarke, K., Boushel, R., and Tetzlaff, W. (2024). Ketone Esters Partially and Selectively Rescue Mitochondrial Bioenergetics After Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Rats: A Time-Course. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3751380\/v1"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05341-9","article-title":"Multi-Omics Reveal Neuroprotection of Acer Truncatum Bunge Seed Extract on Hypoxic-Ischemia Encephalopathy Rats under High-Altitude","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1039\/D5FO03812J","article-title":"C9, T11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Improves Cognitive Memory in \u03c9-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Deficient Mice","volume":"17","author":"Ji","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sambra, V., Echeverria, F., Valenzuela, A., Chouinard-Watkins, R., and Valenzuela, R. (2021). Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as Neuroprotective Nutrients throughout the Life Cycle. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030986"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107649","article-title":"Retinoid X Receptor \u03b1 Regulates DHA-Dependent Spinogenesis and Functional Synapse Formation In Vivo","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11435","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01922H","article-title":"Protective Effect and Mechanism of Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Cognitive Function in Female APP\/PS1 Mice","volume":"12","author":"Bie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitrovi\u0107, N., Ad\u017ei\u0107 Bukvi\u0107, M., Zari\u0107 Konti\u0107, M., Dragi\u0107, M., Petrovi\u0107, S., Paunovi\u0107, M., Vu\u010di\u0107, V., and Grkovi\u0107, I. (2024). Flaxseed Oil Alleviates Trimethyltin-Induced Cell Injury and Inhibits the Pro-Inflammatory Activation of Astrocytes in the Hippocampus of Female Rats. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13141184"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, B., Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., Liu, M., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., and Song, C. (2021). \u03c9-3 DPA Protected Neurons from Neuroinflammation by Balancing Microglia M1\/M2 Polarizations through Inhibiting NF-\u03baB\/MAPK P38 Signaling and Activating Neuron-BDNF-PI3K\/AKT Pathways. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19110587"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.06.044","article-title":"Dietary N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intervention Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in Db\/Db Mice by Mitigating Cortical Insulin Resistance, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Energy Metabolism Impairment","volume":"81","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO03965J","article-title":"Effects of the ApoE Genotype on Cognitive Function in Aging Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet and the Protective Potential of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70684","DOI":"10.1002\/cns.70684","article-title":"Mfsd2a-Targeted Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Prospects","volume":"31","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yalagala, P.C.R., Sugasini, D., Chantapim, S., Caal, K., Sun, H., Nicastro, S., Sargis, R.M., Gregg, B., and Subbaiah, P.V. (2025). Efficient Enrichment of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Mother\u2019s Milk and in the Brain and Retina of the Offspring by Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA in the Maternal Diet. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111864"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ochoci\u0144ska, A.M., Podstawka, I., K\u0119pka, A., and Waszkiewicz, N. (2025). Diet as a Modulator of Gut Microbiota May Reduce Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Risk. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17193053"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.03.015","article-title":"Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Cognitive Impairment via the Gut-Brain Axis in Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction Rats","volume":"127","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.391304","article-title":"Unraveling the Gut-Brain Axis: The Impact of Steroid Hormones and Nutrition on Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"19","author":"Neufeld","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinho, M.S., Ahfaz, H., Carvalho, S., Correia, J., Sp\u00ednola, M., Pestana, J.M., Bandarra, N.M., and Lopes, P.A. (2025). Retinal Degeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease 5xFAD Mice Fed DHA-Enriched Diets. Cells, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15010008"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, M., Li, Y., Liang, D., and Wu, C. (2025). Synergistic Power of Functional Foods and Exercise in Colorectal Cancer Control: Targeting Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function, Redox Homeostasis, Exercise Performance, Neuroimmune Signaling, and Brain-Gut Axis Crosstalk. Front. Nutr., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1640092"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-025-02134-5","article-title":"LXR Agonist Rescues Synaptic Dysfunction and Degeneration in SPG3A Patient-Specific iPSC-Derived Neurons","volume":"13","author":"Thakur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70031","article-title":"Role for the Liver X Receptor Agonist 22-Ketositosterol in Preventing Disease Progression in an Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Mouse Model","volume":"182","author":"Martens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15061","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c00733","article-title":"Nonlipogenic ABCA1 Inducers (NLAI) for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Validated in a Mouse Model Expressing Human APOE3\/APOE4","volume":"67","author":"Velma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.10.023","article-title":"Amelioration of Tau and ApoE4-Linked Glial Lipid Accumulation and Neurodegeneration with an LXR Agonist","volume":"112","author":"Litvinchuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, Y., Lee, H.W., Ye, B.S., Kim, S., and Yu, Y.M. (2025). Impact of Statins on Mortality and Disease Progression in Patients with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Front. Neuroendocrinol., 79.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2025.101218"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01360-0","article-title":"Statins and Cognitive Decline in Patients with Alzheimer\u2019s and Mixed Dementia: A Longitudinal Registry-Based Cohort Study","volume":"15","author":"Petek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.05.041","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization Study of PCSK9 and HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition and Cognitive Function","volume":"80","author":"Rosoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.124176","article-title":"PACAP: A Promising Disease-Modifying Target for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"386","author":"Basri","year":"2026","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolosowicz, M., Prokopiuk, S., and Kaminski, T.W. (2025). Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a Therapeutic Target: Insights into Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications. Pharmaceutics, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17111425"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5714","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c00911","article-title":"Influence of Simvastatin and Pravastatin on the Biophysical Properties of Model Lipid Bilayers and Plasma Membranes of Live Cells","volume":"10","author":"Polita","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.06.040","article-title":"Sterol-O-Acyltransferase-1 Has a Role in Kidney Disease Associated with Diabetes and Alport Syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29779","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c09449","article-title":"Intranasal Carrier-Free Nanomodulator Addresses Both Symptomatology and Etiology of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease by Restoring Neuron Plasticity and Reprogramming Lesion Microenvironment","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2015.1","article-title":"Tau in Physiology and Pathology","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.01.003","article-title":"Tau Phosphorylation: The Therapeutic Challenge for Neurodegenerative Disease","volume":"15","author":"Hanger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00372-y","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein-Carrying Astrocytic Extracellular Vesicles in Parkinson Pathogenesis and Diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07328-8","article-title":"The TRPV1-PKM2-SREBP1 Axis Maintains Microglial Lipid Homeostasis in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"16","author":"Sha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/12\/5580\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:18:38Z","timestamp":1782375518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/12\/5580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"references-count":256,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27125580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27125580","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]}}}