{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:10:11Z","timestamp":1791774611090,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":234,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mossakowski Medical Research Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Age-related decline in immune system function is characterized by reduced numbers of na\u00efve lymphocytes, the accumulation of senescent cells, impaired function of all immune cell types, and chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging). These alterations contribute to increased susceptibility to infections and malignancies, as well as to autoimmunity and other age-associated diseases. This article reviews current evidence on lifestyle interventions that may mitigate immune aging. Lifestyle-related strategies, including regular physical activity, nutritional interventions (e.g., different diets, caloric restriction, and other fasting-related approaches), stress reduction, and vaccination, are discussed as key modulators of immune function and systemic inflammation. Notably, vitamin D supplementation has been shown to reduce the incidence of autoimmune diseases by 22%. In comparison, caloric restriction has led to a decrease in CRP and TNF-\u03b1 by 40% and 50%, respectively. Emerging complementary approaches, such as mind\u2013body practices and controlled cold exposure, show promise, though current evidence remains limited and inconsistent. Therefore, integrated lifestyle strategies may slow aging-related immune decline and support healthy aging. However, longitudinal trials are required to define the optimal intervention parameters, population-specific thresholds, and the long-term durability of immune rejuvenation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1782270557000},"page":"5605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Healthy Lifestyle Can Slow Immune System Aging and Reduce Age-Related Chronic Inflammation: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7090-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"C\u0105ka\u0142a-Jakimowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7672-1838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Domaszewska-Szostek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Puzianowska-Ku\u017anicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Lifestyle Medicine and Longevity, School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2012.04.005","article-title":"Changes in primary lymphoid organs with aging","volume":"24","author":"Chinn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin. 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