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Among these are isothiocyanates (ITCs), bioactive metabolites derived from glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables, which have gained substantial attention for their chemopreventive and antileukemic potential. ITCs exert diverse biological effects driven by the high reactivity of the \u2013NCS group, enabling covalent modification of key cellular proteins and modulation of signaling pathways. Well-studied representatives, including sulforaphane (SFN), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MITC), benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), exhibit diverse antileukemic activities, including cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, differentiation-inducing, and cell-cycle-modulating effects. Although individual compounds differ in their relative potency and predominant biological responses, their activities are generally mediated through multiple interconnected mechanisms including oxidative stress modulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, and interference with key signaling pathways. In addition to apoptosis, several ITCs have also been reported to induce autophagy, ferroptosis, or cellular differentiation in leukemic cells. Taken together, the existing evidence highlights ITCs as promising candidates for leukemia chemoprevention or therapy, acting through multi-targeted mechanisms that may complement conventional treatment strategies. Further studies are needed to clarify their selectivity, mechanistic diversity, and translational potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1782270557000},"page":"5620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isothiocyanates as Multi-Target Natural Compounds in Leukemia: Mechanisms, Selectivity, and Therapeutic Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Yoldi Vergara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4318-1080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Simonicova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5561-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bertova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7603-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zdena","family":"Sulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-786X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Breier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8681-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denisa","family":"Imrichova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-025-10194-7","article-title":"Medicinal Plants and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review of Bioactive Compounds, Therapeutic Effects, and Applications","volume":"25","author":"Latif","year":"2026","journal-title":"Phytochem. 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