{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:18:37Z","timestamp":1785403117189,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008778","name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02egmk993","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Centre for Archaeology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To clarify the microbial contamination and wood degradation risk of the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck hull and verify on-site antibacterial agent effectiveness, microbial samples were collected and analyzed via SEM, metagenomic sequencing, bacterial isolation, enzyme activity detection, and antibacterial experiments. The results showed that Actinomycetota was the dominant phylum, and Brachybacterium, Microbacterium, and Brevibacterium were the dominant genera. Seven bacterial strains were isolated and purified, among which Brevibacterium sp. (NH.SH-B6) had the strongest wood degradation ability, possessing cellulase, LiP, MnP, and Lac activities. When cultured with hull wood as the sole carbon source, LiP was the dominant degrading enzyme of NH.SH-B6, and its maximum enzyme activity was achieved under the optimal conditions of pH = 7, 10% NaCl, 1000 mg\/L FeSO4, and no PEG400 added. 50 mg\/mL cinnamaldehyde and 0.5% isothiazolinone K100 had good inhibitory effects on the isolated bacteria, and bacterial proliferation was due to incomplete antibacterial agent spraying. This study clarifies the microbial degradation risk of the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck hull and provides a scientific basis for optimizing the on-site protection strategy of the shipwreck.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1782270557000},"page":"5631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbial Contamination, Degradation Characteristics of Dominant Bacteria on the Hull of the Nanhai No. 1 Shipwreck"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Archaeomaterials and Conservation, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeqing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Archaeomaterials and Conservation, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Archaeomaterials and Conservation, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqian","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Archaeomaterials and Conservation, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naisheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Archaeology, Beijing 100013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4947-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Archaeomaterials and Conservation, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.S., and Singh, A.P. 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